Fig. 1

Location map of the study area. a Location of the SCK in China; b location of the study area in SCK; c study area village boundaries of Shibing karst; d study area village boundaries of Libo–Huanjiang karst)

Location map of the study area. a Location of the SCK in China; b location of the study area in SCK; c study area village boundaries of Shibing karst; d study area village boundaries of Libo–Huanjiang karst)