Table 2 Description, composition and thickness of each layer of the samples analysed
Sample | Layer | Description | Thickness (μm) | Results | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Binder (§ Ground layers & Organic binders and retouching) | Filler (§ Ground layers) | Pigments (§ Pigments) | Secondary products | ||||
TOV_02 | A | Grey 1st ground layer (type 1 in § Ground layers) | – | Anhydrite | Anhydrite, calcite | ||
B | White 2nd ground layer (type 1 in § Ground layers) | 200 | Anhydrite, gypsum | Anhydrite, gypsum calcite, quartz | |||
C | Colourless-transparent smoothing layer | 20 | Probably organic | ||||
D | Pale yellow 3rd ground layer sometimes double-layered (type 3 in § Ground layers) | 90 | Calcite, protein tempera | Calcite, gypsum, quartz | Red ochre, yellow ochre, green earth, carbon-based black | ||
E | Brown/red paint layer | 50 | Gypsum, anhydrite | Gypsum, anhydrite, calcite | Carbon-based black, red ochre | ||
F | Grey varnish layer | 30 | Probably organic | Calcite | |||
G | Yellowish/brown finishing layer | 15 | Probably organic | Calcite | Carbon-based black, barium white, titanium white | ||
TOV_03 | A | Wood substrate residues | – | ||||
B | Grey-brown paint layer | 110 | Gypsum, anhydrite, polysaccharide tempera, probably, acrylic polymer | Gypsum, anhydrite | Carbon-based black, red ochre, yellow ochre | ||
C | Pale yellow finishing layer | 15 | Acrylic emulsion | Barium white, titanium white | |||
TOV_04 | A | White 1st ground layer (type 1 in §Ground layers) | – | Gypsum | Gypsum, calcite, quartz | Carbon-based black | Weddellite |
B | Green/blue paint layer | 90 | Gypsum | Green earth, carbon-based black, yellow ochre | |||
C | Yellow/grey 2nd ground layer (type 3 in § Ground layers) | 50 | Calcite | Calcite, gypsum | Yellow ochre, red ochre, carbon-based black | ||
D | Yellow/grey 3rd ground layer (type 2 in § Ground layers) | 430 | Gypsum | Calcite, gypsum, quartz | Carbon-based black, yellow ochre, red ochre | Weddellite (traces) | |
E | Orange paint layer | 80 | Gypsum | Gypsum | Carbon-based black, yellow ochre, red ochre | ||
F | Yellow/orange paint layer | 55 | Gypsum, anhydrite, acrylic polymer | Gypsum, anhydrite, calcite | Carbon-based black, yellow ochre | ||
G | Pale yellow finishing layer | 10 | Probably organic | Anhydrite | Yellow ochre, red ochre, barium white, titanium white | ||
TOV_05 | A | Brown 1st ground layer | – | Gypsum, anhydrite, acrylic polymer | Gypsum, anhydrite, calcite | Carbon-based black, yellow ochre, red ochre | Weddellite |
B | White 2st ground layer | 1440 | Calcite, acrylic polymer | Calcite | Weddellite (traces) | ||
C | Yellow paint layer | 40 | Calcite, acrylic polymer | Calcite, gypsum | Yellow ochre, barium white, titanium white | ||
TOV_06 | A | Brown/green paint layer | – | Gypsum, acrylic polymer | Gypsum, calcite | Yellow ochre, chromium oxide | Weddellite |
B | White/orange ground layer | 110 | Calcite, acrylic polymer | Gypsum, anhydrite, calcite, dolomite, quartz | Carbon-based black | Weddellite | |
C | Whitish finishing layer | 15 | Titanium white | ||||
TOV_09 | A | White 1st ground layer (type 1 in § Ground layers) | – | Gypsum, anhydrite, acrylic polymer | Gypsum, anhydrite, calcite, quartz | ||
B | Red paint layer | 60 | Gypsum, acrylic polymer | Gypsum | Red ochre, lead sulphate | ||
C | Colourless-transparent smoothing layer | 20 | Probably organic | ||||
D | Orange paint layer | 65 | Probably organic | Calcite | Red ochre | ||
E | White paint layer | 30 | Gypsum, probably organic | Gypsum | Dolomite, lead sulphate | ||
F | Yellow translucent 2nd ground layer (type 2 in § Ground layers) | 100 | Gypsum, probably organic | Gypsum | Yellow ochre | ||
G | Grey/brown translucent (on the right) paint layer | 60 | Gypsum, probably organic | Gypsum, calcite | Carbon-based black, indigo, red ochre, titanium white | ||
H | Grey/green translucent (on the left) paint layer | 25 | Gypsum, anhydrite, acrylic polymer | Gypsum, anhydrite, calcite | Carbon-based black, indigo, titanium white, lead sulphate | ||
I | White finishing layer | 10 | Probably organic | Calcite | Titanium white | ||
TOV_10 | A | Grey 1st ground layer (type 2 in § Ground layers) | – | Gypsum | Gypsum, calcite | ||
B | Yellow/green paint layer | 80 | Anhydrite, gypsum (polystyrene from the support) | Anhydrite, gypsum | Green earth, red ochre, yellow ochre | ||
C | Yellow/green paint layer | 25 | Gypsum, anhydrite | Gypsum, anhydrite, quartz | Red ochre, yellow ochre, carbon-based black | ||
D | Grey translucent 2nd ground layer (type 2 in § Ground layers) | 280 | Anhydrite, gypsum, acrylic polymer | Anhydrite, gypsum | Yellow ochre, carbon-based black | ||
E | Orange paint layer | 35 | Acrylic polymer, gypsum, anhydrite | Gypsum, anhydrite | Carbon-based black | ||
F | Transparent varnish layer | 20 | Probably organic | Calcite | Yellow ochre, barium white | ||
TOV_11 | A | Wood substrate residues | – | ||||
B | White/grey 1st ground layer | 160 | Gypsum, anhydrite, calcite, acrylic polymer | Gypsum, anhydrite | Yellow ochre | ||
C | White paint layer | 30 | Acrylic polymer, gypsum, anhydrite | Anhydrite, gypsum, calcite, quartz | Titanium white, barium white, carbon-based black | ||
TOV_12 | A | Grey 1st ground layer (type 2 in § Ground layers) | – | Gypsum | Gypsum, calcite, quartz | Carbon-based black, red ochre | |
B | Yellowish/brown 2nd ground layer (type 2 in § Ground layers) | 1640 | Gypsum, anhydrite | Gypsum, anhydrite | Red ochre, yellow ochre, carbon-based black | Weddellite | |
C | White paint layer | 20 | Acrylic polymer, gypsum | Gypsum, calcite, quartz | Titanium white, barium white, yellow ochre | ||
TOV_13 | A | Wood | – | ||||
B | Grey deposit | 0–200 | Gypsum, amorphous silica | ||||
TOV_14 | A | Wood | – | ||||
B | Grey deposit | 0–50 | Gypsum, amorphous silica | ||||
TOV_15 | A | Wood substrate residues | – | ||||
B | Grey 1st ground layer | 120 | Gypsum | Gypsum | Yellow ochre, carbon-based black | ||
C | White/grey paint layer | 25 | Titanium white, barium white | ||||
TOV_16 | A | Wood | – | ||||
TOV_17 | A | Yellowish ground layer (type 2 in § Ground layers) | – | Gypsum, anhydrite | Gypsum, anhydrite | Carbon-based black, yellow ochre | |
B | Yellow paint layer | 60 | Gypsum, probably organic | Gypsum, calcite, dolomite, quartz | Red ochre, yellow ochre, carbon-based black | Weddellite | |
C | White paint layer | 10 | Acrylic polymer, gypsum | Gypsum | Titanium white, barium white, chromium oxide | ||
