Table 1 Results of non-invasive analyses

From: The Roman villa at the Castle of Baia (Naples, Italy): investigations on the polychromy of frescoed surfaces by using non-destructive spectroscopic techniques

 

ID point

Colorimetry

pXRF

Raman (cm−1)

Pigment

  

Average L*

Average a*

Average b*

   

White

CB10, CB45, CB49, CB50

59.28

11.4

11.93

Ca, Fe*, S*, Sitr, Ktr

ca. 280, 712, 1086

Calcite

Bright red

CB6, CB7, CB14, CB26, CB62, CB63, CB64

41.19

19.03

15.13

Ca, Hg, S, Si*, Fe*, Al*, Ktr, Titr, Pbtr

ca. 251, 283, 340

Cinnabar

Dark red

CB8, CB9, CB17, CB18, CB25, CB51, CB56, CB57

45.48

10.49

10.64

Ca, Fe, S*, Hg*, K*, Si*, Sr*, Al*, Ti*, Pb*, Cutr

ca. 225, 290, 413, 498, 616

Red ochre

Purple

CB1, CB5, CB24, CB27, CB31, CB32, CB42

46.04

10.09

8.38

Ca, Fe, S*, Sr*, Si*, K*

ca. 225, 290, 413, 498, 617

Hematite

Pink

CB19, CB33, CB34, CB35, CB43, CB44, CB55

62.57

9.94

15.16

Ca, S, Fe, Sr*, Si*, K*

ca. 247, 304, 361, 426, 509, 955, 1012, 1116, 1184, 1241, 1288, 1324, 1334, 1430, 1482, 1511, 1533,1616

Calcite + Red ochre/hematite + organic pigment

Yellow

CB4, CB15, CB21, CB39, CB40, CB41, CB60, CB61

60.51

11.04

31.98

Ca, Fe, S*, K*, Si*, Ti*, Al*

ca. 245, 298, 386, 553

Yellow ochre

Black

CB2, CB3, CB16, CB20, CB28, CB36, CB37, CB59

36.71

5.06

4.78

Ca, Fe*, S*, Ti*, Si*, K*, Al*, Ptr, Pbtr

ca. 1380, 1620

Carbon black

Green

CB11, CB12, CB13, CB29, CB30, CB38, CB53, CB54, CB58

51.54

-9.97

5.80

Ca, S, Cu, Fe, Cr, K*, Si*

-

Green earth + Egyptian blue

Blue

CB46, CB47M CB48, CB65

66.50

-3.50

-2.50

Ca, Cu, S, Cr, Fe*, Ti*, Si*, K*

-

Egyptian blue

  1. *Subordinate elements and compounds
  2. tr = present in traces. pXRF elements are in order of decreasing abundance
  3. In bold, elements corresponding to the pigments