Table. 1 Classification and Characteristics of Textures

Hemp Texture

This texture represents smooth and rounded mountain contours, commonly used to depict earthen hills or mountains with abundant vegetation.

Axe Splitting Texture

This texture resembles cracks made by an axe, depicting sharp and rugged mountain contours commonly used for mountains with abundant rocky formations.

Raindrop Texture

Resembling raindrops with irregular variations.

Sesame Texture

Similar to raindrop texture.

Cloud-pattern Texture

Like a swirling cloud bun embracing the center, it is often used to convey a sense of grandeur and richness in the landscape, resembling clouds.

Unraveled Rope Texture

A variation of the hemp texture, this texture exhibits richer variations compared to the former’s orderly strokes, presenting a diverging dynamic that showcases the curved changes in the textures of rocks.

Zigzag Texture

The linear form appears square, resembling a zigzag line primarily defined by horizontal lines depicting flat stones. When representing mountains, it is commonly used to portray riverbank scenery.

Cowhide Texture

Evolving from the Hemp and Unraveled Rope Texture, this technique layers strokes neat yet variedly, resembling cow hair. It is often used to depict scenes of dense vegetation in mountainous forests.

Messy Hemp Texture

Evolving from the hemp texture, this technique employs strokes and methods similar to those of hemp texture.

Messy Wood Texture

Evolving from the unraveled rope texture, it resembles autumn branches, akin to slanting twigs. This technique is commonly found in depictions of mountain ridges.

Lotus Leaf Texture

Resembling the veins of an inverted lotus leaf, it spreads outward from top to bottom, with the mountain peak corresponding to the lotus stem and the base representing the leaf’s edge. This technique is commonly used to depict mountain peaks.

Bouncing Vortex Texture

Resembling flowing water eddies with varying heights, the texture features many stone eyes, each surrounded by subtle water patterns, as if washed by river currents.

Skeleton Texture

Resembling skulls and bones, this texture shows overlapping cavities, emphasizing the stone’s transparency.

Demon-skin Texture

Used to depict the thin and peculiar shapes of stones, highlighting their uneven contours.

Horse Tooth Texture

Resembling horse teeth, this technique primarily employs horizontal strokes with a square line style. It is commonly used to depict the contours of stones and sharp-edged mountain forms.

Alum Head Texture

Resembling the heads of alum stones, this texture features many angles and squared forms commonly used to depict the angular shapes of stones.