Fig. 5: The results of the research model (n = 338).

The results of the hypothesis validation for this structural equation model are shown in this figure. System quality (β = 0.207, P = 0.000) and Information Quality (β = 0.214, P = 0.001) are positively correlated with utilitarian performance confirmation. Neither information quality (β = 0.095, P = 0.076) nor system quality (β = 0.062, P = 0.122) showed a significant correlation with HPC. This suggests that game quality did not lead to psychological changes in players' hedonic performance confirmations; however, it was positively correlated with their utilitarian performance confirmations. Both social factors influence players' confirmations of hedonic and utilitarian performance (β = 0.266, 0.194; P = 0.000) (β = 0.132, 0.155; P = 0.003, 0.000). Collectively, these two performance confirmations affect players' willingness to continue using the game (β = 0.385, 0.486; P = 0.000). Cultural identity significantly moderated the relationship between users' two performance confirmations and their continued use (β = 0.165 and 0.116; p = 0.005 and 0.049, respectively), while value co-creation demonstrated no moderating effect (β = −0.067 and −0.537; p = 0.244 and 0.353, respectively).