Table 4 Factor loading coefficients after Rotation

1. I believe the colors of commercial elements are harmonized with the overall color tone of the historic district.

0.780

0.818

2.The colors of commercial buildings complement the traditional colors of historical buildings.

0.812

0.846

3. I believe the colors of commercial billboards do not disrupt the visual harmony of the district.

0.802

0.871

4. The color design of commercial elements takes into account the cultural background of the historic district.

0.789

0.865

5. I believe the color scheme of the district after commercial development has maintained the historical continuity.

0.781

0.839

6. The colors of commercial elements create a good visual transition with the historical buildings of the district.

0.740

0.810

1. I think commercial elements have made the color of the district overly uniform.

0.788

0.764

2. The color of commercial buildings has caused the historical district to lose its original diversity.

0.801

0.806

3. I believe that commercial development has led to a homogenization of the district’s color style.

0.836

0.830

4. The color design of commercial elements lacks respect for the diversity of the historical district.

0.811

0.807

5. I feel that commercialization has weakened the distinctive color characteristics of the district.

0.766

0.759

6. The color choices after commercial development have not taken the uniqueness of the historical district into account.

0.756

0.739

1. I am satisfied with the color choices of commercial elements in the historical district.

0.684

0.792

2. I accept the color schemes of commercial buildings in the historical district.

0.703

0.785

3. I believe the color of commercial elements can be accepted by the residents of the historical district.

0.759

0.838

4. The introduction of commercial colors has not affected my overall impression of the historical district.

0.740

0.870

5. I believe that the colors of commercial elements and the historical district can coexist.

0.727

0.853

6.I have an open attitude toward the color changes brought by commercialization.

0.707

0.783

1. Commercial development has had a positive impact on the cultural depth of the historical district.

0.812

0.816

2.I believe commercial elements can enrich the cultural connotations of the historical district.

0.863

0.878

3. Commercialization has enhanced the cultural experience of the historical district.

0.853

0.863

4. Commercial elements have incorporated educational functions into the historical district.

0.841

0.870

5. I believe commercial development has respected the cultural heritage of the historical district.

0.761

0.787

6. The introduction of commercial projects helps spread the cultural value of the historical district.

0.756

0.766

1. The color changes brought by commercialization have increased the attractiveness of the historical district to tourists.

0.717

0.794

2. The color changes brought by commercialization have improved the overall esthetic appeal of the historical district.

0.764

0.794

3. I think the color design of commercial elements has contributed positively to the visual identity of the historical district.

0.680

0.660

4. Commercial color schemes have created a better environment for visitors to appreciate the historical district.

0.781

0.809

5. I feel that the introduction of commercial colors has increased the vibrancy of the historical district.

0.742

0.723

6. I believe that the use of commercial colors has enhanced the historical district’s ability to attract tourists.

0.724

0.772