Table 1 List of the four studied sandstones.

From: Petrophysical and mechanical characterization of sandstones from different grottoes in China

Sample

Abbreviation

Location

Era

Formation

Yungang sandstone

YG

Shanxi

Jurassic

Yungang Formation

Tianlongshan sandstone

TLS

Shanxi

Permian

Tianlongsi Formation

Leshan sandstone

LS

Sichuan

Cretaceous

Jiaguan Formation

Dazu sandstone

DZ

Chongqing

Jurassic

Suining Formation