Table 1 Measurement Items and Sources of Variables

Performance Expectancy (PE)

PE1

The AR wayfinding system provides useful information for the tour.

Venkatesh et al.⁷⁰

PE2

AR wayfinding assists me in locating attractions more effectively.

PE3

AR wayfinding enhances my overall touring experience.

PE4

AR wayfinding meets my personalized touring needs.

PE5

AR wayfinding reduces difficulties in finding attractions.

Effort Expectancy (EE)

EE1

Accessing the AR wayfinding system is straightforward.

Venkatesh et al.⁷⁰

EE2

The AR wayfinding process features intuitive operation and user-friendly procedures.

EE3

Learning to use the AR wayfinding system requires minimal time and effort investment.

EE4

I am fully aware of the available technical services at attractions and make selective use of AR wayfinding solutions.

Social Influence (SI)

SI1

Some of my friends are currently using AR wayfinding services.

Venkatesh et al.⁷⁰

SI2

I would use the service if recommended by friends around me.

SI3

Promotional campaigns at attractions positively influence my adoption of AR wayfinding.

SI4

Using AR wayfinding has become a trend that I wish to follow.

Perceived Trust (PT)

PT1

I trust that the attraction can provide high-quality AR wayfinding content.

Venkatesh et al.⁷⁰

PT2

I believe the information provided by the attraction’s AR wayfinding system is authentic.

PT3

I feel comfortable using information provided by high-reputation users.

PT4

I am confident that AR wayfinding can effectively protect my privacy and security.

PT5

I trust that AR wayfinding services will honor their service commitments.

Perceived Risk (PR)

PR1

I am concerned that using AR wayfinding may require excessive time and effort to learn.

Featherman⁷¹

PR2

I worry that AR wayfinding might fail to deliver the expected outcomes.

PR3

I have concerns about potential personal information leakage when using AR wayfinding services.

PR4

I feel apprehensive that sharing travel information through AR wayfinding could pose safety risks.

PR5

I suspect that some users may share information in AR wayfinding with malicious intentions.

Perceived Interactivity (PI)

PI1

The AR wayfinding interface features clear design, logical functional layout, and high operability.

Park M, Yoo J⁷²

PI2

AR wayfinding can accurately recommend resources based on my usage patterns.

PI3

My mobile device operates smoothly, with prompt response when loading and using AR wayfinding.

PI4

When encountering difficulties with AR wayfinding, I can promptly find support personnel to assist me.

PI5

During AR wayfinding usage, I can consciously edit the content as needed.

Perceived Pleasure (PP)

PP1

I feel relaxed and enjoyable while using the AR wayfinding system.

Hsieh et al.⁷³

PP2

The AR wayfinding experience brings me considerable enjoyment.

PP3

Using AR wayfinding provides me with a sense of fulfillment.

PP4

I can obtain assistance from others when encountering difficulties with AR wayfinding.

Self-Efficacy (SE)

SE1

I am confident in utilizing AR wayfinding effectively.

Ulfert-Blank et al.⁷⁴

SE2

I am proficient in operating AR wayfinding systems.

SE3

I possess strong curiosity about new platforms and technologies.

SE4

I enjoy continuously experimenting with and adopting innovations.

SE5

Successfully addressing my needs independently through AR wayfinding at attractions gives me a sense of accomplishment.

Behavioral Intention (BI)

BI1

I am willing to learn how to use AR wayfinding services.

Venkatesh et al. ⁷⁰

BI2

I intend to continue experimenting with AR wayfinding.

BI3

I have considered recommending AR wayfinding to others.

BI4

In the future, I would consider adopting AR wayfinding services more extensively.