Fig. 2
From: Machine learning assisted real-time acoustic monitoring of laser cleaning in Heritage conservation

Left: Photographs of the developed mock-ups and schematic outline indicating the different groups of parameters that were varied in this study; thickness of the graffiti overlayer (di), laser fluence values (Fi), and number of applied laser pulses (Ni). Right: Images of the evolution of the cleaning process upon successive laser pulses on the same spot. A schematic outline of the calculation of the ratio R, which reflects cleaning efficiency, and its value calculated for spots #11 and #12 is also shown. The diameter of the irradiated area is 4 mm.