Table 1 Detailed modelling input parameters for building stock simulation

From: Integrating heritage conservation into urban building energy modelling for retrofit decision-making in historic districts

 

Administrative Buildings

Commercial Buildings

Industrial Buildings

Office Buildings

Domestic Buildings

Roof U-value (W/m2k)

1980

1.50

1.50

1.50

1.50

1.20

1995

1.00

1.00

1.00

1.00

0.70

2005

0.70

0.70

0.70

0.70

0.70

2015

0.40

0.40

0.40

0.40

0.55

External Wall U-value (W/m2k)

1980

2.00

2.00

2.00

2.00

2.00

1995

1.50

1.50

1.50

1.50

1.00

2005

1.00

1.00

1.00

1.00

1.00

2015

0.60

0.60

0.60

0.60

0.70

Internal Walls U-value (W/m2k)

1980

3.50

3.50

3.50

3.50

3.50

1995

3.00

3.00

3.00

3.00

2.00

2005

1.50

1.50

1.50

1.50

2.00

2015

1.50

1.50

1.50

1.50

1.50

Ground Floor U-value (W/m2k)

1980

1.30

1.30

1.30

1.30

1.00

1995

0.80

0.80

0.80

0.80

0.70

2005

0.80

0.80

0.80

0.80

0.70

2015

0.80

0.80

0.80

0.80

0.70

Window U-value (W/m2k)

1980

5.50

5.50

5.50

5.50

5.50

1995

4.00

4.00

4.00

4.00

4.00

2005

2.80

2.80

2.80

2.80

4.00

2015

2.40

2.40

2.40

2.40

0.30

Window Solar Heat Gain Coefficient

1980

0.70

0.70

0.70

0.70

0.70

1995

0.50

0.50

0.50

0.50

0.50

2005

0.45

0.45

0.45

0.45

0.50

2015

0.40

0.40

0.40

0.40

0.50

Window-to-wall Ratio

s

0.40

0.35

0.40

0.30

Occupancy (m2/person)

9.00

8.00

27.00

10.00

25.00

Lighting (W/m2)

9.00

10.00

20.00

9.00

5.00

Equipment (W/m2)

13.00

13.00

10.00

15.00

3.80

Heating Coefficient of Performance

4.20

4.20

4.20

4.20

1.00

Cooling Coefficient of Performance

4.20

4.20

4.20

4.20

2.20

Air Exchange (Time/h)

1.00

1.00

0.60

1.00

1.00