Fig. 12: Framed scenery: historical precedent and case manifestation. | npj Heritage Science

Fig. 12: Framed scenery: historical precedent and case manifestation.

From: Exploring spatial visual characteristics of scenic archetypes through AI multimodal mapping methods in Hangzhou Westlake

Fig. 12: Framed scenery: historical precedent and case manifestation.The alternative text for this image may have been generated using AI.

a Historical illustration from Li41 depicting the conceptual origin of “frameless painting” (无心画), where architectural apertures transform scenery into composed views. b Rectangular stone window frame at HWL demonstrating systematic structuring of depth perception through foreground geometry.

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