Table 5 Ellipse variance analysis results of urban form

From: HGIS based analysis of urban morphological evolution in historic Kaifeng

Period

Center X/°

Center Y/°

XtdDist/KM

YStdDist/KM

Rotation/°

Northern Song period (AD 1120–1367)

114.348506

34.795352

2.95833

2.67134

49.63952

Ming period (AD 1368–1642)

114.348975

34.802192

1.21038

0.98541

65.39525

Qing period (AD 1662–1911)

114.348763

34.80433

1.25235

1.04617

35.98806

Republic of China period (AD 1912–1949)

114.348976

34.801251

1.99665

1.50933

23.04577

  1. (Source: Drawn by the author).