Table 3 Prompts used for automatic image captioning

From: Toward enhanced unsupervised clustering of 20th century Korean paintings via multimodal features

Stylistic orientation

prompt

Realism

“a realistic, naturalistic painting with lifelike rendering and accurate light and shadow”

“a painting in the style of realism, faithful perspective and fine detail”

“자연주의적이고 사실적인 묘사, 정확한 명암과 원근을 갖춘 사실주의 회화”

Ink painting

“an East Asian ink wash painting with calligraphic brushwork on paper”

“traditional ink wash painting with graded washes and calligraphic strokes on rice paper”

“수묵화: 먹의 번짐과 필획, 종이에 표현된 동양화적 붓질”

Abstraction

“a non-representational abstract painting with geometric forms or color fields”

“abstract art: minimal forms, grids, and color fields without recognizable subjects”

“추상 회화: 비구상 형태, 기하학적 구성, 색면으로 이루어진 작품”

Expressionism/ Individual Styles

“an expressive painting with vigorous gestural brushstrokes and emotional distortion”

“expressionism: impasto texture, dramatic strokes, and distorted figures”

“표현주의: 격정적 붓질, 왜곡된 형태, 강한 감정 표현의 회화”

Folk-inspired/ Hybrid style

“a painting with vernacular folk motifs, decorative traditional patterns, and hybrid style”

“folk-inspired hybrid style: symbolic animals, decorative motifs, and craft-like patterns”

“민화 및 전통 문양에서 영감을 받은 하이브리드 스타일의 회화”