Fig. 11: Volume fraction calculations for Cu-containing domains.

a Top: EDS elemental map of BR02 (Ca, Si, Cu); bottom: isolated Cu signal showing 33.62% area coverage. b Top row: brightfield optical micrograph of BR03, with three regions boxed in white; bottom row: corresponding binarized Cu maps with particle size distribution color-coded for clarity (Biovoxxel FIJI plugin). The percent coverage of Cu-rich areas is reported for each region.