Fig. 4: Comprehensive cluster distribution across river segments.

a Is the total cluster diagram of allusions and landscape elements in the upstream area; b is that in the midstream area; and c is that in the downstream area. The Resolution value is a core parameter that controls the granularity of community division; the magnitude of its value affects the algorithm’s preference for community size. In this study, the default Resolution value of 1.0 was adopted, at which the algorithm identifies a moderately sized community. Number of nodes is a core indicator for measuring network scale, reflected by the total number of gray and orange circles in the figure. The average weighted degree is used to quantify the strength characteristics of node connections in the network: a larger value indicates stronger connections, which is represented by the size of the gray and orange circles (larger circles correspond to higher average weighted degrees). Orange circles in the figure represent Allusion elements, while gray circles represent Natural and Cultural Landscape Monosyllabic Characters (Drawn by the author).