Fig. 3: Workflow of the integrated diagnostic methodology.

This flowchart was created by the authors to illustrate the three-phase framework of the proposed lightweight integrated approach. The workflow progresses from left to right, where rectangular boxes represent the core operational phases: data acquisition, point cloud data processing, and integrated data analysis. Arrows indicate the sequential flow and interdependence between phases. The data acquisition phase illustrates the concurrent use of terrestrial laser scanning, UAV photography, and portable Non-destructive testing (NDT) devices. The subsequent phases detail the key processing and analytical steps, culminating in the generation of high-precision digital documentation, the analysis of degradation causes and correlations, and the establishment of a referential framework for studies in comparable regional contexts.