Table 1 Characteristic parameters of three convolutional structures

From: Research on batik image pattern detection based on improved YOLOv11

Characteristic

Ordinary convolution

MBConv

Fused-MBConv

Core operations

Standard convolution

Depth-wise Separable Conv +Inverted Residual

Fusion convolution (standard convolution replaces separation)

High-computational

High

Low

Medium

Applicable scenarios

General computing

Complex feature extraction

Fast feature extraction

Parameter quantity

High

Low

Medium

Typical network

ResNet, VGG

MobileNet, EfficientNet

EfficientNet-V2