Fig. 4: Average Nearest Neighbor test report for the spatial pattern of traditional villages in Suzhou.

This figure shows the Average Nearest Neighbor test results for traditional villages in Suzhou. The nearest neighbor ratio is 0.836023, with a z-score of −3.244933 and a p value of 0.001175. The central yellow area of the normal distribution curve represents random patterns, while the shaded tails indicate significant clustering (left) or dispersion (right). The legend lists significance levels and critical z-scores. The z-score of −3.244933 indicates a less than 1% probability of the clustered pattern occurring by chance, confirming a statistically significant clustered spatial distribution.