Fig. 6: Practical application of optimal formulations in textile relics.
From: Developing efficient cleaning agents for textile relics affected by mold stains
a Qing dynasty natural-color silk Miao embroidery piece before cleaning, showing overall dull beige hue, frayed edges, and yellowish tinges from mold contamination. b The same embroidery piece after ultrasonic cleaning with the optimized formulation {C₈E9 (200 g/L), water (750 g/L), sodium oxalate (50 g/L), alkaline protease (1000μ/g), potassium sorbate (0.12 g/mL), sodium citrate (adjusted to pH≈7)}, showing significantly reduced surface stains while preserving historical patina.
