Abstract
This study innovatively applies an improved Set Pair Analysis (SPA) to assess seismic risks for immovable cultural relics, taking ancient temples with different protection levels in Shigatse City, Tibet, as a case study. Based on the regional natural disaster system theory and complex adaptive system theory, a seismic risk assessment indicator system was constructed from four dimensions: hazard factors of disasters, sensitivity of disaster-prone environments, vulnerability of cultural relics, and cultural-tourism value; The weighting was performed by applying the CRITIC method, the Entropy Weight Method (EWM), and the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP). Furthermore, an improved Set Pair Analysis method, combined with the confidence criterion and equal division principle, was used to quantitatively assess the seismic risk levels of ancient temples with different protection levels in Shigatse. The aim is to provide methodological support for developing differentiated cultural relic protection plans and enhancing the efficiency of disaster prevention and resource utilization.
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Acknowledgements
The authors thank the editor and anonymous reviewers for their helpful comments and valuable suggestions. This work was supported by the General Program of the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 42571359 and 72074198) and the Innovation Group Program of the Hubei Provincial Natural Science Foundation (Grant No. 2024AFA015).
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La, R., Guo, H., Zhao, T. et al. Seismic risk assessment of ancient temples in Tibetan region based on improved Set Pair Analysis. npj Herit. Sci. (2026). https://doi.org/10.1038/s40494-026-02570-z
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/s40494-026-02570-z
