Table 1 Characteristics of the study population by COVID-19 testing status and test positivity status among those tested.

From: A prospective cohort study on the intersectionality of obesity, chronic disease, social factors, and incident risk of COVID-19 in US low-income minority middle-age mothers

Characteristics

Total sample

Sub-sample with COVID testing

Non-tested

Tested

p

Negative

Positive

p

N

2600

396

 

301

95

 

Age group (yrs)

  

0.042

  

0.002

  ≤35

502 (19.3)

97 (24.5)

 

84 (27.9)

13 (13.7)

 

  35–45

1193 (45.9)

177 (44.7)

 

121 (40.2)

56 (58.9)

 

  >45

905 (34.8)

122 (30.8)

 

96 (31.9)

26 (27.4)

 

Education with college

938 (36.1)

142 (35.9)

0.978

117 (38.9)

25 (26.3)

0.036

Race/ethnicity

  

0.413

  

0.243

  Other

520 (20.0)

68 (7.2)

 

54 (17.9)

14 (14.7)

 

  Black

1505 (57.9)

236 (59.6)

 

183 (60.8)

53 (55.8)

 

  Hispanic

575 (22.1)

92 (23.2)

 

64 (21.3)

28 (29.5)

 

Foreign-born

1606 (61.8)

212 (53.5)

0.002

134 (44.5)

78 (82.1)

<0.001

Smokera

484 (18.6)

73 (18.4)

0.986

69 (22.9)

4 (4.2)

<0.001

PBMI (kg/m2)

26.5 (6.5)

28.4 (8.2)

<0.001

28.3 (8.4)

28.7 (7.2)

0.627

PBMI category (kg/m2)

  

<0.001

  

0.214

  <25

1275 (49.0)

160 (40.4)

 

128 (42.5)

32 (33.7)

 

  25–29.9

739 (28.4)

105 (26.5)

 

74 (24.6)

31 (32.6)

 

  ≥30

586 (22.5)

131 (33.1)

 

99 (32.9)

32 (33.7)

 

BMI (kg/m2)

30.2 (7.3)

32.2 (8.0)

<0.001

31.9 (8.2)

33.1 (7.4)

0.181

BMI category (kg/m2)

  

<0.001

  

0.056

  <25

639 (24.6)

65 (16.4)

 

51 (16.9)

14 (14.7)

 

  25–29.9

808 (31.1)

113 (28.5)

 

94 (31.2)

19 (20.0)

 

  ≥30

1153 (44.3)

218 (55.1)

 

156 (51.8)

62 (65.3)

 

Diabetes

289 (11.1)

65 (16.4)

0.003

46 (15.3)

19 (20.0)

0.356

Hypertension

742 (28.5)

178 (44.9)

<0.001

139 (46.2)

39 (41.1)

0.449

Stroke

301 (11.6)

88 (22.2)

<0.001

68 (22.6)

20 (21.1)

0.863

Asthma

400 (15.4)

105 (26.5)

<0.001

80 (26.6)

25 (26.3)

1.000

Other comorbidities

169 (8.5)

53 (13.4)

<0.001

44 (14.6)

9 (9.5)

0.267

Comorbidity score

  

<0.001

  

0.371

  0

1325 (51.0)

117 (29.5)

 

85 (28.2)

32 (33.7)

 

  1

797 (30.7)

135 (34.1)

 

108 (35.9)

27 (28.4)

 

  2+

478 (18.4)

144 (36.4)

 

108 (35.9)

36 (37.9)

 
  1. Unadjusted p values for group comparisons (i.e., tested vs non-tested or test negative vs test positive) were calculated using the Chi-square test for categorical variables and by t test for continuous variables.
  2. PBMI prepregnancy BMI at index pregnancy.
  3. aSmoker represents smoking status during index pregnancy.
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