Table 1 Baseline characteristics of the study population used in the analysis of prevalent DSPN.

From: Effect of obesity on the associations of 25-hydroxyvitamin D with prevalent and incident distal sensorimotor polyneuropathy: population-based KORA F4/FF4 study

Baseline characteristics

Sample for the prevalence analysis (n = 1065)

Prevalent DSPN at F4

Yes (n = 375, 35%)

No (n = 690, 65%)

p

Age (years)

70 (66; 74)

72 (67; 77)

69 (65; 73)

<0.0001

Sex (male, %)

51%

55%

49%

0.063

Height (cm)

165 (159; 172)

167 (160; 173)

165 (158; 172)

0.0063

BMI (kg/m2)

28.3 (25.6; 31.2)

29.0 (26.5; 32.4)

27.7 (25.3; 30.7)

<0.0001

Obesity (%)a

33%

40%

30%

0.002

Waist circumference (cm)

98.0 (90.1; 105.8)

101.3 (93.8; 109.8)

96.0 (89.0; 104.1)

<0.0001

Abdominal obesity (%)b

60%

68%

56%

0.0001

Total cholesterol (mmol/L)

5.7 (5.0; 6.4)

5.5 (4.8; 6.2)

5.7 (5.1; 6.4)

<0.0001

Triacylglycerol (mmol/L)

1.3 (1.0; 1.8)

1.3 (0.9; 1.8)

1.3 (1.0; 1.8)

0.515

HbA1c (%)

5.7 (5.4; 5.9)

5.7 (5.4; 6.1)

5.6 (5.4; 5.9)

0.0004

HbA1c (mmol/mol)

39 (36; 41)

39 (36; 43)

38 (36; 41)

0.0004

eGFR (mL/min/1.73m2)

77.5 (67.4; 87.5)

74.0 (62.6; 84.5)

79.4 (70.2; 89.1)

<0.0001

Smoking status (%)

   

0.057

 Current smoker

7%

5%

9%

 

 Former smoker

7%

42%

42%

 

 Never smoker

42%

54%

49%

 

Alcohol consumption (%)c

   

0.008

 None

32%

37%

30%

 

 Moderate

58%

51%

61%

 

 High

10%

12%

9%

 

Physically active (%)d

50%

41%

56%

<0.0001

Glucose tolerance status (%)

   

<0.0001

 NGT

39%

32%

42%

 

 IFG and/or IGT

40%

39%

41%

 

 Type 2 diabetes

22%

29%

17%

 

Stroke (%)

4%

5%

3%

0.085

Myocardial infarction (%)

6%

8%

5%

0.039

Hypertension (%)

62%

64%

61%

0.361

Lipid-lowering drugs (%)

25%

26%

25%

0.628

NSAIDs (%)

4%

6%

3%

0.056

Vitamin D supplementation (%)

6%

5%

7%

0.185

Season of blood draw (%)

   

0.033

 Fall

28%

27%

28%

 

 Winter

31%

27%

34%

 

 Spring

25%

27%

25%

 

 Summer

15%

19%

13%

 

Serum 25(OH)D (nmol/L)

44.3 (30.7; 61.2)

43.1 (28.1; 60.3)

44.7 (31.2; 61.5)

0.150

Serum 25(OH)D categories (%)

   

0.257

 <25 nmol/L

17%

19%

16%

 

 ≥25–<50 nmol/L

43%

43%

43%

 

 ≥50 nmol/L

40%

38%

42%

 

Beta-NGF(NPX)

1.84 (1.67; 2.01)

1.89 (1.70; 2.08)

1.81 (1.66; 1.99)

<0.0001

  1. Summary results are presented as percentages or median (25th percentile; 75th percentile).
  2. Beta-NGF has 38 missing values.
  3. 25(OH)D 25-hydroxyvitamin D, beta-NGF beta-nerve growth factor, BMI body mass index, eGFR estimated glomerular filtration rate, IFG impaired fasting glucose, IGT impaired glucose tolerance, MNSI Michigan neuropathy screening instrument, NGT normal glucose tolerance, NPX normalized protein expression, NSAIDs non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs.
  4. aObesity was defined as BMI ≥ 30 kg/m2.
  5. bAbdominal obesity was defined as waist circumference ≥102 cm for men and ≥88 cm for women.
  6. cAlcohol consumption was graded as none (0 g/day), moderate (<20 g/day for women and <40 g/day for men), high (20–<60 g/day for women and 40–<80 g/day for men), and heavy (≥60 g/day for women and ≥80 g/day for men).
  7. dPhysical activity was assessed according to the duration of leisure time activities ((1) >2 h/week, (2) 1–2 h/week, (3) <1 h/week, (4) none) separately in winter and in summer. Participants with a total sum score for physical activity in winter and in summer of 5 or more were classified as “physically inactive”, otherwise “physically active”.
  8. Bold values identify statistical significance (p < 0.05).
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