Table 1 Descriptive statistics of the Millennium Cohort Study (MCS) sample.

From: Adverse childhood experiences, child poverty, and adiposity trajectories from childhood to adolescence: evidence from the Millennium Cohort Study

 

Total sample, MCS 1a N = 18,540

BMI sampleb N = 7282

FMI samplec N = 6912

 

Boys, N = 9527

N/mean; %/SD

Girls, N = 9013

N/mean; %/SD

Boys, N = 3711

N/mean; %/SD

Girls, N = 3571

N/mean; %/SD

Boys, N = 3514

N/mean; %/SD

Girls, N = 3398

N/mean; %/SD

Adverse childhood experiences (ACEs)

Parental separation; No

5854; 61.45

5674; 62.95

3530; 95.12

3417; 95.69

3344; 95.16

3256; 95.82

Yes

1730; 18.16

1624; 18.02

181; 4.88

154; 4.31

170; 4.84

142; 4.18

Missing

1943; 20.39

1715; 19.03

–

–

–

–

Parental depression; No

6083; 63.85

5703; 63.28

2428; 65.43

2306; 64.58

2295; 65.31

2189; 64.42

Yes

3444; 36.15

3309; 36.71

1283; 34.57

1265; 35.42

1219; 34.69

1209; 35.58

Missing

0; 0.00

1; 0.01

–

–

–

–

Parental drug use; No

6432; 67.51

6210; 68.90

3391; 91.38

3269; 91.54

3218; 91.58

3105; 91.38

Yes

606; 6.36

562; 6.24

320; 8.62

301; 8.46

296; 8.42

293; 8.62

Missing

2489; 26.13

2241; 24.86

–

–

–

–

Parental alcohol misuse; No

8095; 84.97

7635; 84.71

2875; 77.47

2778; 77.79

2716; 77.29

2638; 77.63

Yes

1432; 15.03

1377; 15.28

836; 22.53

793; 22.21

798; 22.71

760; 22.37

Missing

0; 0.00

1; 0.01

–

–

–

–

Interparental use of force; No

6830; 71.69

6459; 71.66

3138; 84.56

3013; 84.37

2977; 84.72

2859; 84.14

Yes

1094; 11.48

1053; 11.68

573; 15.44

558; 15.63

537; 15.28

539; 15.86

Missing

1 603; 16.83

1 501; 16.65

–

–

–

–

Parental discord; No

5401; 56.69

5195; 57.64

3407; 91.81

3330; 93.25

3223; 91.72

3162; 93.05

Yes

475; 4.99

433; 4.80

304; 8.19

241; 6.75

291; 8.28

236; 6.95

Missing

3651; 38.32

3385; 37.56

–

–

–

–

Harsh parenting; No

4310; 45.24

4396; 48.77

2584; 69.63

2657; 74.40

2436; 69.32

2524; 74.28

Yes

1746; 18.33

1 386; 15.38

1 127; 30.37

914; 25.60

1 078; 30.68

874; 25.72

Missing

3471; 36.43

3 231; 35.85

–

–

–

–

Physical punishment; No

5493; 57.66

5559; 61.68

3049; 82.16

3150; 88.21

2884; 82.07

2987; 87.90

Yes

1090; 11.44

752; 8.34

662; 17.84

421; 11.79

630; 17.93

411; 12.10

Missing

2944; 30.90

2702; 29.98

–

–

–

–

ACE score

0

1226; 12.87

1263; 14.01

915; 24.66

974; 27.28

859; 24.45

918; 27.02

1

1668; 17.51

1677; 18.61

1242; 33.47

1276; 35.73

1180; 33.58

1204; 35.43

2

1180; 12.39

1077; 11.95

904; 24.36

814; 22.79

857; 24.39

786; 23.13

3+

899; 9.44

711; 7.89

650; 17.52

507; 14.20

618; 17.59

490; 14.42

Missing

4 554; 47.80

4 285; 47.54

–

–

–

–

Poverty; No

5571; 58.48

5313; 58.95

3087; 83.19

2996; 83.90

2930; 83.38

2859; 84.14

Yes

3529; 37.04

3318; 36.81

624; 16.81

575; 16.10

584; 16.62

939; 15.86

Missing

427; 4.48

382; 4.24

–

–

–

 

BMI (age)

5 years

16.40; 1.92

16.32; 1.88

16.42; 1.84

16.27; 1.76

–

–

7 years

16.61; 2.33

16.70; 2.39

16.57; 2.16

16.61; 2.23

–

–

11 years

19.06; 3.59

19.46; 3.75

18.92; 3.38

19.23; 3.50

–

–

14 years

20.97; 4.05

21.96; 4.17

20.79; 3.81

21.69; 3.90

–

–

17 years

23.01; 4.62

23.57; 4.83

22.80; 4.31

23.37; 4.60

–

–

FMI (age)

7 years

3.45; 1.48

3.83; 1.59

–

–

3.38; 1.36

3.74; 1.46

11 years

4.09; 2.49

5.05; 2.52

–

–

3.94; 2.25

4.87; 2.35

14 years

3.83; 2.73

6.22; 2.88

–

–

3.62; 2.46

5.99; 2.71

17 years

4.09; 3.04

6.97; 3.52

–

–

3.85; 2.75

6.81; 3.34

Ethnicity

White

7876; 82.67

7401; 82.11

3457; 93.16

3290; 92.13

3274; 93.17

3131; 92.14

Mixed/Other

406; 4.26

413; 4.58

83; 2.24

108; 3.02

78; 2.22

102; 3.00

Indian

241; 2.53

224; 2.49

62; 1.67

59; 1.65

59; 1.68

56; 1.65

Pakistani and Bangladeshi

632; 6.63

633; 7.02

65; 1.75

80; 2.24

63; 1.79

78; 2.30

Black or Black British

348; 3.65

318; 3.53

44; 1.19

34; 0.95

40; 1.14

31; 0.91

Missing

24; 0.25

24; 0.27

–

–

–

–

Birth weight

3.40; 0.60

3.29; 0.57

3.50; 0.56

3.36; 0.56

3.50; 0.56

3.36; 0.56

Maternal prenatal BMI

23.66; 4.48

23.63; 4.44

23.90; 4.30

23.86; 4.23

23.91; 4.29

23.89; 4.25

Parental social class

Semi routine and routine

1542; 16.19

1384; 15.36

588; 15.84

525; 14.70

540; 15.37

494; 14.54

Lower supervisory and technical

764; 8.02

713; 7.91

374; 10.08

358; 10.03

350; 9.96

339; 9.98

Small employers

638; 6.70

595; 6.60

296; 7.98

291; 8.15

279; 7.94

275; 8.09

Intermediate

822; 8.63

838; 9.30

407; 10.97

450; 12.60

386; 10.98

428; 12.60

Managerial/professional

3283; 34.46

3104; 34.44

2046; 55.13

1947; 54.52

1959; 55.75

1826; 54.80

Missing

2478; 26.01

2379; 26.40

–

–

–

 

Parental education

None

1318; 13.83

1260; 13.98

118; 3.18

113; 3.16

104; 2.96

106; 3.12

GCSEs

4051; 42.52

3688; 40.92

1385; 37.32

1321; 36.99

1316; 37.45

1249; 36.76

A Levels

905; 9.50

884; 9.81

407; 10.97

419; 11.73

385; 10.96

399; 11.74

Higher education

3042; 31.93

2957; 32.81

1779; 47.94

1696; 47.49

1691; 48.12

1624; 47.79

Oversea qualifications

190; 1.99

205; 2.27

22; 0.59

22; 0.62

18; 0.51

20; 0.59

Missing

21; 0.22

19; 0.21

–

–

–

 
  1. aSample of Millennium (MCS) cohort members at wave 1 (9 months).
  2. bSample of MCS cohort members at wave, with complete data for adverse childhood experiences, all covariates and at least one BMI measure.
  3. cSample of MCS cohort members at wave, with complete data for adverse childhood experiences, all covariates and at least one fay mass index (FMI) measure.
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