Table 1 Participant descriptive characteristics by physical activity and body mass index change groups (n = 116,228).
Physical activity | Decrease | Stable | Increase | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
BMI | Decrease | Stable | Increase | Decrease | Stable | Increase | Decrease | Stable | Increase | |
Total | ||||||||||
n (%) | 116,228 (100) | 1125 (1.0) | 13,022 (11.2) | 3366 (2.9) | 4115 (3.5) | 45,920 (39.5) | 10,353 (8.9) | 2764 (2.4) | 28,565 (24.6) | 6998 (6.0) |
Female, n (%) | 53,671 (46.2) | 480 (42.7) | 5748 (44.1) | 1242 (36.9) | 1589 (38.6) | 21,154 (46.1) | 4348 (42.0) | 1186 (42.9) | 14,581 (51.0) | 3343 (47.8) |
Age | 38.0 (11.7) | 40.9 (13.9) | 38.1 (12.6) | 34.6 (12.1) | 41.3 (12.8) | 38.6 (11.8) | 35.9 (11.6) | 40.0 (11.3) | 37.7 (10.7) | 35.6 (10.2) |
Follow-up, years | 11.9 (3.5) | 11.7 (3.8) | 12.0 (3.9) | 12.0 (3.5) | 11.7 (3.5) | 11.7 (3.6) | 11.7 (3.3) | 12.0 (3.3) | 12.1 (3.1) | 12.0 (2.7) |
Education, n (%) | ||||||||||
No schooling | 2471 (2.1) | 44 (3.9) | 333 (2.6) | 44 (1.3) | 107 (2.6) | 947 (2.1) | 154 (1.5) | 77 (2.8) | 653 (2.3) | 112 (1.6) |
Elementary | 9209 (7.9) | 160 (14.2) | 1182 (9.1) | 264 (7.8) | 441 (10.7) | 3509 (7.6) | 660 (6.4) | 280 (10.1) | 2231 (7.8) | 482 (6.9) |
Junior High | 5645 (4.9) | 78 (6.9) | 779 (6.0) | 173 (5.1) | 214 (5.2) | 2237 (4.9) | 436 (4.2) | 134 (4.8) | 1297 (4.5) | 297 (4.2) |
Senior High | 24,523 (21.1) | 245 (21.8) | 2787 (21.4) | 781 (23.2) | 872 (21.2) | 9138 (19.9) | 2164 (20.9) | 605 (21.9) | 6263 (21.9) | 1668 (23.8) |
Vocational | 28,562 (24.6) | 187 (16.6) | 3027 (23.2) | 797 (23.7) | 840 (20.4) | 10,957 (23.9) | 2634 (25.4) | 642 (23.2) | 7466 (26.1) | 2012 (28.8) |
College/ University | 32,733 (28.2) | 282 (25.1) | 3488 (26.8) | 949 (28.2) | 1085 (26.4) | 13,558 (29.5) | 3117 (30.1) | 687 (24.9) | 7755 (27.1) | 1812 (25.9) |
Graduate School | 13,085 (11.3) | 129 (11.5) | 1426 (11.0) | 358 (10.6) | 556 (13.5) | 5574 (12.1) | 1188 (11.5) | 339 (12.3) | 2900 (10.2) | 615 (8.8) |
Smoking status, n (%) | ||||||||||
Never | 79,156 (68.1) | 779 (69.2) | 8757 (67.2) | 2234 (66.4) | 2782 (67.6) | 31,500 (68.6) | 6915 (66.8) | 1838 (66.5) | 19,655 (68.8) | 4696 (67.1) |
2nd hand | 6395 (5.5) | 51 (4.5) | 688 (5.3) | 194 (5.8) | 204 (5.0) | 2496 (5.4) | 615 (5.9) | 130 (4.7) | 1592 (5.6) | 425 (6.1) |
Former | 6958 (6.0) | 78 (6.9) | 815 (6.3) | 212 (6.3) | 317 (7.7) | 2774 (6.0) | 574 (5.5) | 199 (7.2) | 1624 (5.7) | 365 (5.2) |
Frequently | 4385 (3.8) | 44 (3.9) | 563 (4.3) | 132 (3.9) | 161 (3.9) | 1766 (3.8) | 412 (4.0) | 108 (3.9) | 974 (3.4) | 225 (3.2) |
Daily | 19,334 (16.6) | 173 (15.4) | 2199 (16.9) | 594 (17.6) | 651 (15.8) | 7384 (16.1) | 1837 (17.7) | 489 (17.7) | 4720 (16.5) | 1287 (18.4) |
Alcohol consumption, n (%) | ||||||||||
None | 96,245 (82.8) | 904 (80.4) | 10,643 (81.7) | 2772 (82.4) | 3330 (80.9) | 37,777 (82.3) | 8475 (81.9) | 2298 (83.1) | 24,160 (84.6) | 5886 (84.1) |
Former | 2483 (2.1) | 27 (2.4) | 335 (2.6) | 72 (2.1) | 107 (2.6) | 930 (2.0) | 225 (2.2) | 53 (1.9) | 577 (2.0) | 157 (2.2) |
1-2 times/wk | 11,872 (10.2) | 131 (11.6) | 1423 (10.9) | 365 (10.8) | 449 (10.9) | 4872 (10.6) | 1139 (11.0) | 270 (9.8) | 2578 (9.0) | 645 (9.2) |
3-4 times/wk | 3882 (3.3) | 41 (3.6) | 431 (3.3) | 106 (3.1) | 158 (3.8) | 1631 (3.6) | 355 (3.4) | 91 (3.3) | 850 (3.0) | 219 (3.1) |
Daily | 1746 (1.5) | 22 (2.0) | 190 (1.5) | 51 (1.5) | 71 (1.7) | 710 (1.5) | 159 (1.5) | 52 (1.9) | 400 (1.4) | 91 (1.3) |
Dieta | 2.1 (1.23) | 2.1 (1.3) | 2.1 (1.2) | 2.1 (1.2) | 2.1 (1.2) | 2.0 (1.2) | 2.0 (1.2) | 2.0 (1.2) | 1.9 (1.1) | 1.9 (1.1) |
Sleep, n (%)b | ||||||||||
≤4 h | 895 (0.8) | 10 (0.9) | 111 (0.9) | 25 (0.7) | 40 (1.0) | 368 (0.8) | 73 (0.7) | 21 (0.8) | 196 (0.7) | 51 (0.7) |
>4 to ≤ 6 h | 21,982 (18.9) | 210 (18.7) | 2494 (19.2) | 666 (19.8) | 806 (19.6) | 8822 (19.2) | 2016 (19.5) | 570 (20.6) | 5130 (18.0) | 1268 (18.1) |
>6 to ≤ 8 h | 84,724 (72.9) | 828 (73.6) | 9440 (72.5) | 2417 (71.8) | 2954 (71.8) | 33,551 (73.1) | 7486 (72.3) | 1967 (71.2) | 20,952 (73.3) | 5129 (73.3) |
>8 h | 8627 (7.4) | 77 (6.8) | 977 (7.5) | 258 (7.7) | 315 (7.7) | 3179 (6.9) | 778 (7.5) | 206 (7.5) | 2287 (8.0) | 550 (7.9) |
Hypertension, n (%) | 5478 (4.7) | 76 (6.8) | 711 (5.5) | 100 (3.0) | 272 (6.6) | 2383 (5.2) | 363 (3.5) | 150 (5.4) | 1235 (4.3) | 188 (2.7) |
Diabetes, n (%) | 1699 (1.5) | 36 (3.2) | 231 (1.8) | 32 (1.0) | 119 (2.9) | 712 (1.6) | 93 (0.9) | 76 (2.7) | 358 (1.3) | 42 (0.6) |
Baseline, Median [IQR] | ||||||||||
Physical Activityc | 3.2 [0.0, 6.8] | 4.7 [3.7, 11.7] | 4.7 [3.7, 11.7] | 5.7 [4.8, 12.7] | 3.7 [1.2, 13.7] | 3.7 [1.2, 8.7] | 3.7 [1.2, 8.7] | 1.2 [0.0, 2.2] | 1.8 [0.0, 2.7] | 0.6 [0.0, 1.2] |
Body mass Indexd | 22.8 [20.8, 25.0] | 24.6 [23.4, 25.4] | 22.6 [20.6, 25.7] | 22.6 [21.6, 23.9] | 24.5 [23.4, 25.4] | 22.5 [20.5, 25.6] | 22.6 [21.7, 23.9] | 24.6 [23.4, 25.5] | 22.2 [20.4, 25.5] | 22.6 [21.6, 23.9] |
Body fat percent | 25.5 [22.0, 29.7] | 27.9 [23.6, 32.9] | 25.4 [21.7, 29.5] | 23.6 [20.3, 28.2] | 27.3 [23.5, 32.4] | 25.6 [22.1, 29.5] | 24.3 [21.1, 28.8] | 28.2 [24.2, 33.3] | 25.7 [22.4, 29.8] | 25.0 [21.7, 29.5] |
Waist Circumferencee | 76.0 [70.0, 84.0] | 81.0 [76.0, 85.0] | 76.0 [70.0, 85.0] | 75.0 [71.0, 80.0] | 81.0 [76.0, 85.0] | 76.0 [69.0, 85.0] | 75.0 [70.0, 81.0] | 81.0 [76.0, 86.0] | 75.0 [69.0, 84.0] | 75.0 [70.0, 80.0] |
Follow-up, Median [IQR] | ||||||||||
Physical Activityc | 3.7 [1.2, 8.7] | 1.2 [0.6, 3.7] | 1.2 [0.6, 3.7] | 1.2 [0.6, 3.7] | 3.7 [1.2, 13.7] | 3.7 [1.2, 8.7] | 2.7 [1.2, 8.7] | 8.7 [2.1, 15.7] | 3.7 [1.2, 9.7] | 3.7 [1.2, 8.7] |
Body mass Indexd | 23.2 [21.2, 25.5] | 22.8 [22.2, 24.2] | 22.7 [21.0, 26.1] | 24.5 [23.4, 25.6] | 22.8 [22.3, 24.2] | 22.6 [20.9, 25.9] | 24.3 [23.3, 25.5] | 22.8 [22.2, 24.1] | 22.5 [20.8, 25.7] | 24.4 [23.3, 25.6] |
Body fat percent | 26.4 [22.7, 30.7] | 25.1 [21.5, 29.5] | 26.2 [22.5, 30.5] | 26.9 [23.1, 32.2] | 24.5 [21.0, 29.2] | 26.2 [22.6, 30.2] | 27.1 [23.0, 32.7] | 25.1 [21.1, 29.3] | 26.4 [22.9, 30.4] | 28.2 [23.7, 33.6] |
Waist Circumferencee | 78.0 [71.0, 85.0] | 78.0 [73.0, 82.0] | 78.0 [71.0, 86.0] | 81.0 [76.0, 86.0] | 78.0 [73.0, 82.0] | 77.0 [70.0, 86.0] | 81.0 [75.0, 86.0] | 77.0 [72.0, 82.0] | 76.0 [70.0, 85.0] | 81.0 [75.0, 86.0] |
Mortality rate/1000 person-yearsf | ||||||||||
All-cause | 2.8 | 2.5 | 3.3 | 6.2 | 2.4 | 2.8 | 4.4 | 1.6 | 2.4 | 3.6 |
CVD | 0.4 | 0.3 | 0.6 | 0.8 | 0.5 | 0.5 | 0.7 | 0.2 | 0.3 | 0.6 |
Cancer | 1.3 | 1.1 | 1.4 | 2.6 | 1.1 | 1.3 | 1.9 | 0.8 | 1.2 | 1.6 |
