Table 2 Anthropometry of Wave 1 children at follow-up by study group, age and sex adjusted.

From: Association between maternal hyperglycemia in pregnancy and offspring anthropometry in early childhood: the pandora wave 1 study

 

First Nations mother

Europid mother

All (n = 255)

T2D (n = 78)

GDM (n = 114)

Normoglycemia (n = 63)

Comparison by maternal glycemic status (p value)

All (n = 168)

GDM (n = 106)

Normoglycemia (n = 62)

Comparison by maternal glycemic status (p value)

T2D vs normoglycemia

GDM vs normoglycemia

GDM vs normoglycemia

Median birthweight Z score [57]

0.33 [−0.8, 1.0]

0.86 [−0.3, 2.3]

−0.05 [−0.9, 0.8]

−0.18 [−0.9, 0.5]

<0.001

0.38

0.19 [−0.5, 0.8]

0.18 [−0.5, 0.7]

0.23 [−0.6, 1.0]

0.46

Child weight (kg)a

13.2 (13.0, 14.4)

13.9 (13.3, 14.5)

13.3 (13.0, 13.6)

12.5 (12.1, 13.0)

0.90

0.28

14.6 (14.3, 14.9)

14.7 (14.4, 15.1)

14.0 (13.6, 14.5)

0.17

Child height (cm)a

90.4 (90.0, 90.9)

92.1 (91.1, 93.0)

91.4 (90.7, 92.1)

87.9 (87.1, 88.7)

0.40

0.57

93.2 (92.7, 93.8)

94.2 (93.5, 94.9)

90.4 (89.5, 91.2)

0.70

Child BMI (kg/m2)a

16.1 (15.9, 16.3)

16.2 (15.8, 16.6)

15.9 (15.6, 16.2)

16.1 (15.7, 16.5)

0.40

0.64

16.7 (16.5, 17.0)

16.5 (16.2, 16.8)

17.1 (16.7, 17.5)

0.05

Waist circumference (cm)a

48.9 (48.1, 49.8)

51.6 (50.5, 52.6)

49.9 (49.2, 50.5)

49.8 (48.8, 50.8)

0.03

0.94

50.8 (50.2, 51.3)

50.6 (50.0, 51.3)

50.7 (49.8, 51.6)

0.07

Mid upper arm circumference (cm)a

16.0 (15.8, 16.2)

16.3 (15.9, 16.6)

16.0 (15.7, 16.2)

15.9 (15.6, 16.2)

0.89

0.32

16.9 (16.7, 17.1)

17.0 (16.7, 17.2)

16.8 (16.4, 17.1)

0.79

Head circumference (cm)a

48.4 (48.2, 48.5)

48.3 (48.0, 48.6)

48.5 (48.2, 48.8)

48.1 (47.8, 48.5)

0.37

0.81

50.0 (49.7, 50.2)

49.8 (49.5, 50.1)

50.1 (49.7, 50.5)

0.01

Triceps skinfold (mm)a

8.1 (7.8, 8.3)

8.6 (8.0, 9.1)

8.1 (7.6, 8.5)

7.6 (7.0, 8.1)

0.04

0.33

8.6 (8.3, 8.9)

8.6 (8.2, 9.1)

8.4 (7.9, 8.8)

0.74

Subscapular skinfold (mm)a

7.1 (6.8, 7.3)

7.6 (7.0, 8.2)

6.8 (6.5, 7.2)

6.9 (6.5, 7.4)

0.14

0.70

6.5 (6.2, 6.8)

6.2 (5.9, 6.6)

6.7 (6.3, 7.1)

0.05

Suprailiac skinfold (mm)a

7.1 (6.7, 7.4)

7.4 (6.6, 8.1)

7.4 (6.9, 7.9)

6.2 (5.6, 6.8)

0.06

0.04

6.4 (6.0, 6.8)

6.8 (6.2, 7.3)

5.8 (5.3, 6.3)

0.06

Sum of skinfold thicknesses (mm)a

22.05 (21.3, 22.8)

22.98 (21.7, 24.3)

21.91 (20.7, 23.2)

21.01 (19.5, 22.5)

0.06

0.41

21.53 (20.6, 22.5)

21.58 (20.3, 22.8)

21.44 (20.0, 22.8)

0.91

  1. Results presented as mean (95% CI), median [IQR], n refers to children.
  2. N.B. 317 (75%) children had skinfold thicknesses measured (First Nations children; n = 67 T2D, n = 78 GDM, n = 46 normoglycemia; Europid children; n = 70 GDM, n = 56 normoglycemia).
  3. aChild age and sex adjusted.
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