Table 1 Characteristics of the included randomized controlled trials in systematic review.
Study(Author,Year) | Procedure | Size(I/N) | Intervetion(Dose and type) | Control | Duration | Analyzed outcomes included |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Woodard, 2009 | RNYGB | 22/22 | 1 capsule/d Each capsule contains 2.4 billion live cells of Lactobacillus. | No supplementation | 6 M | %EWL, Vitamin B12. |
Karbaschian, 2018 | OAGB | 23/23 | Daily Seven species of probiotic bacteria(Lactobacillus casei (3.5*109 CFU/g), Lactobacillus rhamnosus(7.5*108 CFU/g), Streptococcus thermophilus (1*108 CFU/g),Bifidobacterium breve(1*1010 CFU/g), Lactobacillus acidophilus (1*109 CFU/g), Bifidobacterium longum(3.5*109 CFU/g),and Lactobacillus bulgaricus (1*108 CFU/g)) and 38.5 mg fructo-oligosaccharide. | Daily Placebo | 4 M(From 4 weeks before surgery to 12 weeks after bariatric surgery) | Plasma Glucose, Insulin, HOMA-IR, QUICKI, TC, TG, HDL, LDL, BMI, Weight, WC, Vitamin B12, 25-OH Vitamin D3, Folate. |
Sherf-Dagan, 2018 | LSG | 40/40 | 2 capsules/d Each capsule contains 11 different species including 25 billion active bacteria (Lacidophilus, L. rhamnosus, L. casei, L. paracasei, Lactobacillus plantarum, Lactococcus lactis, Bifidobacterium bifidum, B. breve, B. longum, Bifidobacterium infatis, S.thermophiles). | 2 capsules/d Placebo | 3 M(The change of IL-6 and TNF-a were measured after 6 months) | ALT, AST, GGT, Plasma Glucose, HbA1c, HOMA-IR, TC, TG, HDL, LDL, IL-6(6 M), TNF-α(6 M), CRP,%EWL, BMI, WC, Ferritin, Hb. |
Mokhtari, 2019 | OAGB | 23/23 | 1 capsule/d Each capsule contains seven species of probiotic bacteria(Lactobacillus casei (3.5*109 CFU/g), Lactobacillus rhamnosus(7.5*108 CFU/g), Streptococcus thermophilus (1*108 CFU/g),Bifidobacterium breve(1*1010 CFU/g), Lactobacillus acidophilus (1*109 CFU/g), Bifidobacterium longum(3.5*109 CFU/g),and Lactobacillus bulgaricus (1*108 CFU/g)) and 38.5 mg fructo-oligosaccharide. | 1 capsule/d Placebo | 4 M(From 4 weeks before surgery to 12 weeks after bariatric surgery) | IL-6, TNF-α, CRP,%EWL, Dietary Energy, Dietary Protein, Dietary Cholesterol, Dietary Carbohydrate, Dietary Fat, Dietary Fiber. |
Kazzi, 2021 | LSG | 15/20 | 1 capsule/d Each capsule contains 300 mg of combined Bacillus coagulans and galactomannans constituting 4.5billion live cells. | 1 capsule/d Placebo | 3 M | ALT, AST, Insulin, HbA1c, TC, TG, HDL, LDL, CRP,%EWL, BMI, Vitamin B12. |
Wagner, 2021 | RYGB | 34/39 | 2 tablets/d Each tablet contains 5 billion Lactobacillus acidophilus, Bifidobacterium lactis. | 2 tablets/d Tablets(starch) | 3 M | %EWL, Dietary Energy, Dietary Protein, Dietary Fat, Dietary Carbohydrates, Dietary Fibers, GSRS. |
Ramos, 2021 | RYGB | 38/33 | 1 tablet/d Each tablet contains 5 billion Lactobacillus acidophilus, Bifidobacterium lactis. | 1 tablet/d Placebo | 3 M | Plasma Glucose, Serum Insulin, HbA1c, HOMA-IR, QUICKI, TC, TG, HDL, LDL,%EWL, BMI, WC, Vitamin B12,25-OH Vitamin D3, Serum Folate. |
Carlos, 2022 | RYGB | 37/32 | 1 tablet/d Each tablet contains 5 billion Lactobacillus acidophilus and Bifidobacterium lactis. | 1 tablet/d Placebo | 3 M | %EWL, Weight, BES, YFBS. |
Crommen, 2022 | MGB | 25/23 | Daily A multistrain mixture containing Lactobacillus acidophilus Bifidobacterium breve,B.longum,L. delbrueckii susp. bulgaricus, L. belveticus,L. plantarum, L. rhamnosus, L. casei, Lactococcus lactissusp.lactis, and Streptococcus thermophiles(15*109 CFU/4 g),and 3.9 g specific micronutrient mixture. | Daily Micronutrient mixture and a placebo powder | 3 M | ALT, AST, GGT, Plasma Glucose, serum insulin, HbA1c, HOMA-IR, TC, TG, LDL, HDL, IL-6, CRP,%EWL, BMI, Weight, WC, Ferritin, Hb. |
Han, 2022 | SG/OAGB | 33/31 | Twice/d 1 g Clostridium butyricum MIYAIRI, 5 billion colony-forming units. | Twice/d Digestive enzyme | 6 M | Adverse effects. |
Ramos, 2022 | RYGB | 13/16 | 2 tablets/d 5 billion Lactobacillus acidophilus and 5 billion Bifidobacterium lactis. | 2 tablet/d Placebo | 3 M | %EWL, BMI, Weight. |
