Table 1 Anthropometric measures and blood markers of metabolism before and after 3 days of 50% calorie restriction.

From: Calorie restriction-induced leptin reduction and T-lymphocyte activation in blood and adipose tissue in men with overweight and obesity

Physical characteristics

Pre-calorie restriction

Post-calorie restriction

Δ Change mean ± 95% CI

p

Body mass (kg)

93.1 ± 9.8

91.5 ± 9.7

−1.6 (−1.9 to −1.2)

<0.001

Body mass index (kg/m2)

29.0 ± 2.4

28.5 ± 2.3

−0.5 (−0.6 to −0.4)

<0.001

Waist circumference (cm)

104.6 ± 6.0

103.6 ± 6.1

−1.1 (−1.4 to −0.7)

<0.001

Height (m)

1.79 ± 0.10

ND

ND

 

Fat mass (%)

26.9 ± 6.0

ND

ND

 

Fat mass (kg)

26.5 ± 6.1

ND

ND

 

L1–L4 fat mass (kg)

3.8 ± 1.0

ND

ND

 

Fat mass index (kg/m2)

8.23 ± 1.66

ND

ND

 

Resting metabolic rate (kcal/day)

1814 ± 117

ND

ND

 

PAL

1.54 ± 0.21

ND

ND

 

Blood biochemistry

Pre-calorie restriction

Post-calorie restriction

Δ Change mean ± 95% CI

p

Insulin – fasting (pmol/L)

46.7 ± 33.0

42.6 ± 31.6

−4.1 (−9.4 to 1.2)

0.758

Glucose – fasting (mmol/L)

5.1 ± 0.6

5.1 ± 0.4

−0.1 (−0.3 to 0.2)

0.623

Glucose at 2 h (mmol/L)

6.8 ± 1.6

6.0 ± 1.5

−0.8 (−1.3 to −0.4)

0.002

HOMA-IR

1.8 ± 1.3

1.6 ± 1.3

−0.2 (−0.4 to 0.1)

0.765

Matsuda-ISIa

6.21 ± 5.75

7.29 ± 6.19

1.08 (0.20 to 1.96)

0.674

ALT (U/L)

40.2 ± 20.6

34.9 ± 17.5

−5.3 (−10.6 to 0.0)

0.051

Triglycerides (mmol/L)

1.36 ± 0.67

1.05 ± 0.56

−0.31 (−0.51 to −0.11)

0.005

NEFA (mmol/L)

0.30 ± 0.11

0.58 ± 0.16

0.27 (0.22 to 0.33)

<0.001

Total-Cholesterol (mmol/L)

5.3 ± 0.7

5.6 ± 0.8

0.3 (0.0 to 0.5)

0.046

LDL-Cholesterol (mmol/L)

3.47 ± 0.58

3.86 ± 0.73

0.39 (0.10 to 0.68)

0.013

HDL-Cholesterol (mmol/L)

1.19 ± 0.17

1.22 ± 0.18

0.02 (−0.08 to 0.13)

0.741

  1. Mean ± SD shown for pre and post values, with mean ± 95% confidence intervals used to express delta change scores. Differences between the two days were analysed by two-tailed, paired, Student’s t tests or non-parametric equivalent where data were non-normally distribution (Shapiro–Wilk’s p > 0.05), p-values shown.
  2. CI confidence intervals, L1-L4 central fat estimated between lumbar regions L1-L4 using DEXA, PAL physical activity level (total energy expenditure/basal metabolic rate), ALT alanine transaminase, HDL high-density lipoprotein, HOMA-IR homoeostasis model assessment for insulin resistance, LDL low-density lipoprotein, ND not determined, NEFA non-esterified fatty acids.
  3. aT-AUC for insulin and glucose and Matsuda-ISI represent n = 11 due to incomplete data. All blood measures are fasting samples unless otherwise stated.
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