Table 4 Muscle strength (Low vs. Higher HGS) and muscle mass (Low vs. Higher ALM/W) in women with obesity (n = 121).
Handgrip strength (HGS) | Appendicular lean mass/weight (ALM/W) | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Higher (n = 71) | Low (n = 50) | p value | Higher (n = 69) | Low (n = 52) | p value | |
Age (yr) | 26.6 | 26.3 | ns | 26.5 | 26.3 | ns |
±4.9 | ±5.9 | ±5.7 | ±4.9 | |||
HGS (kg) | 22.1 | 15.3 | *** | 19.5 | 19.5 | ns |
±3.4 | ±2.3 | ±4.4 | ±4.9 | |||
ALM/W (%) | 23.5 | 23.2 | ns | 24.4 | 22.0 | *** |
±1.4 | ±1.5 | ±0.8 | ±0.8 | |||
Total body fat (%) | 44.7 | 44.8 | ns | 42.7 | 47.4 | *** |
±3.6 | ±3.1 | ±1.9 | ±3.0 | |||
Body fat distribution | ||||||
Central adiposity | ||||||
VAT (kg) | 0.481 | 0.493 | ns | 0.434 | 0.555 | *** |
±0.172 | ±0.168 | ±0.140 | ±0.181 | |||
ASAT (kg) | 1.97 | 1.81 | ns | 1.68 | 2.20 | *** |
±0.72 | ±0.62 | ±0.50 | ±0.77 | |||
VAT/ASAT | 0.251 | 0.283 | * | 0.264 | 0.264 | ns |
±0.067 | ±0.083 | ±0.075 | ±0.078 | |||
Peripheral adiposity | ||||||
Gynoid fat (kg) | 5.87 | 5.32 | * | 5.11 | 6.35 | *** |
±1.50 | ±1.21 | ±0.86 | ±1.68 | |||
Limb (appendicular) fat (kg) | 16.7 | 15.2 | * | 14.3 | 18.5 | *** |
±4.5 | ±4.1 | ±2.5 | ±5.1 | |||
Central-to-peripheral adiposity ratio | ||||||
VAT/Gynoid | 0.082 | 0.094 | * | 0.086 | 0.089 | ns |
±0.022 | ±0.030 | ±0.028 | ±0.024 | |||
ASAT/Gynoid | 0.331 | 0.335 | ns | 0.326 | 0.342 | ns |
±0.057 | ±0.065 | ±0.064 | ±0.054 | |||
VAT/Limb fat | 0.029 | 0.033 | * | 0.031 | 0.030 | ns |
±0.008 | ±0.011 | ±0.010 | ±0.008 | |||
ASAT/Limb fat | 0.117 | 0.119 | ns | 0.118 | 0.118 | ns |
±0.023 | ±0.026 | ±0.026 | ±0.020 | |||
Blood cardiometabolic profile | ||||||
HOMA-IR Index | 2.69 | 2.57 | ns | 2.60 | 2.71 | ns |
±1.44 | ±1.53 | ±1.45 | ±1.52 | |||
Triglycerides (mmol/l) | 0.96 | 1.10 | ns | 0.942 | 1.13 | ns |
±0.42 | ±0.54 | ±0.417 | ±0.53 | |||
Total cholesterol (mmol/l) | 4.62 | 4.91 | ns (p = 0.06) | 4.76 | 4.71 | ns |
±0.85 | ±0.91 | ±0.99 | ±0.73 | |||
HDL-cholesterol (mmol/l) | 1.29 | 1.29 | ns | 1.29 | 1.29 | ns |
±0.24 | ±0.27 | ±0.25 | ±0.26 | |||
LDL-cholesterol (mmol/l) | 2.95 | 3.18 | ns (p = 0.08) | 3.10 | 2.97 | ns |
±0.80 | ±0.75 | ±0.90 | ±0.60 | |||
Systolic blood pressure (mm Hg) | 106 | 107 | ns | 107 | 106 | ns |
±9 | ±9 | ±10 | ±9 | |||
Diastolic blood pressure (mm Hg) | 77 | 78 | ns | 77 | 77 | ns |
±7 | ±9 | ±8 | ±8 | |||
C-reactive protein (mg/L) | 5.28 | 4.87 | ns | 4.13 | 6.42 | ** |
±4.5 | ±4.7 | ±4.0 | ±4.9 | |||
