Table 1 Descriptive characteristics of the population.

Variable	Percentile 1 Normal weight children (n = 40)	Percentile 3 Children with obesity (n = 40)	p value
Females (%)	50	50
Anthropometry
Age (years)^a	8 ± 1.43	8 ± 1.43	>0.9999
Weight (kg)^a	24.35 ± 7.90	44.55 ± 20.55	<0.0001*
Height (m)^b	1.23 ± 0.10	1.36 ± 0.11	<0.0001*
Body mass index (kg/m²)^b	15.53 ± 1.18	24.86 ± 3.40	<0.0001*
Waist circumference (cm)^b	54.50 ± 4.33	79.6 ± 8.35	<0.0001*
Hip circumference (cm)^b	65.10 ± 5.91	87.2 ± 9.04	<0.0001*
Waist-Hip Ratio^b	0.84 ± 0.04	0.91 ± 0.04	<0.0001*
Systolic blood pressure (mmHg)^b	92.00 ± 9.09	102.00 ± 12.10	0.0001*
Diastolic blood pressure (mmHg)^a	60.00 ± 40.75	70.00 ± 14.25	0.0033*
Biochemical markers
Glucose (mmol/L)^b	4.40 ± 0.58	4.64 ± 10.8	0.0830
Total cholesterol (mmol/L)^b	4.19 ± 0.86	4.37 ± 34.9	0.3813
LDL cholesterol (mmol/L)^b	2.71 ± 0.76	2.98 ± 26.3	0.0960
HDL cholesterol (mmol/L)^b	1.48 ± 0.32	1.13 ± 11.4	<0.0001*
Triglycerides (mmol/L)^a	0.79 ± 0.29	1.54 ± 84	<0.0001*
Insulin (μUI/mL)^a	5.72 ± 1.40	11.0 ± 3.17	0.0024*
HOMA-IR Index^a	1.15 ± 0.48	2.34 ± 1.13	0.0026*

Data are expressed as mean ± standard deviation depending on data normality %. All normally distributed data are presented as the mean ± standard error of the mean (SEM), and non-normal data are presented as the median ± interquartile range. Differences between groups were analyzed using Student’s t test and Mann–Whitney U test. Data were assessed for normality and differences in means were analyzed using Student’s t test.
LDL low-density lipoprotein, HDL high-density lipoprotein, HOMA-IR homeostatic model assessment insulin resistance.
*p value < 0.05.
^aNormal distribution—parametric statistical methods.
^bFree distribution—nonparametric statistical methods.
Bold/italicized values highlight the significant differences.

Quick links

Search