Fig. 2: Volcano plot of obesity x vitamin D deficiency interaction effects on plasma metabolites. | International Journal of Obesity

Fig. 2: Volcano plot of obesity x vitamin D deficiency interaction effects on plasma metabolites.

From: Metabolic remodeling and the modulatory role of vitamin D deficiency in African American children and adolescents with obesity

Fig. 2

The horizontal dashed line indicates nominal significance (p = 0.05). A subset of metabolites appeared in the upper right quadrant, indicating positive interaction effects (stronger associations with obesity under vitamin D deficiency). No metabolites reached significance in the negative interaction quadrant, suggesting a directional bias toward amplification rather than attenuation of obesity-related metabolic changes. The x-axis shows the regression coefficient of the interaction term, and the y-axis shows −log10(p value).

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