Table 3 Regression analysis results for effects of substituting plant and dairy protein for non-dairy animal protein on changes in BMI z-score and overweight status from 9 months to 5 years of age.

	Substituting non-dairy animal protein (5%E)
	BMI z-score			Overweight status
	β	95% CI	P-value	OR	95% CI	P-value
Model 1 (n = 345)^a
Plant protein	0.003	−0.28, 0.29	0.99	1.42	0.53, 3.81	0.48
Dairy protein	−0.12	−0.35, 0.11	0.31	0.91	0.41, 2.06	0.83
Model 2 (n = 331)^b
Plant protein	0.03	−0.24, 0.31	0.82	1.52	0.53, 4.36	0.44
Dairy protein	−0.02	−0.28, 0.25	0.91	1.22	0.44, 3.38	0.71
Model 3 (n = 331)^c
Plant protein	0.05	−0.23, 0.33	0.72	1.34	0.46, 3.92	0.60
Dairy protein	−0.02	−0.29, 0.24	0.87	1.22	0.44, 3.41	0.70
Substituting non-dairy animal protein (5 g)
	BMI z-score			Overweight status
	β	95% CI	P-value	OR	95% CI	P-value
Model 1 (n = 345)
Plant protein	−0.02	−0.13, 0.09	0.75	1.08	0.75, 1.57	0.68
Dairy protein	−0.07	−0.16, 0.02	0.15	0.94	0.68, 1.29	0.69
Model 2 (n = 331)
Plant protein	−0.003	−0.11, 0.11	0.96	1.12	0.75, 1.68	0.58
Dairy protein	−0.04	−0.15, 0.71	0.49	1.10	0.73, 1.68	0.63
Model 3 (n = 331)
Plant protein	0.06	−0.06, 0.18	0.36	1.11	0.70, 1.74	0.66
Dairy protein	−0.02	−0.10, 0.15	0.72	1.09	0.68, 1.75	0.72

The models represent the iso-energetic increase of 5%E, or 5 g increase from one macronutrient subtype (plant or dairy protein) with a decrease in the substituting macronutrient (non-dairy animal protein).
^aModel 1 were adjusted for intervention allocation, and body mass index (BMI) z-score at 9 months of age.
^bModel 2 was additionally adjusted for child sex, primary milk source (breastmilk, formula/dairy, or mixed), child birthweight, maternal education, and pre-pregnancy BMI.
^cModel 3 was additionally adjusted for total energy intake at 9 months.

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