Fig. 6

EAP initially promotes bone remodelling. a Representative image of immunohistochemistry staining with the indicated antibody and TRAP staining on serial sections of the rats’ distal root apical region two weeks after induction of EAP. a1–a4 Area of distal apical bone: green dotted boxes are magnified below, and the ROIs for statistical analysis (b–e). 1’, 1”, b Increased Osx-positive cells in the apical ligament (yellow frame) and on the apical bone surface (black arrow, blue frame). 2’, 2”, c Slightly increased TRAP-positive cells on the apical bone surface (red arrow, blue frame). 3’, 3”, d Increased Osx-positive cells on the bone surface of the adjacent area to the apical foramen (black arrow, blue frame). 4’, 4”, e Increased TRAP-positive cells on the bone surface of the area adjacent to the apical foramen (red arrow, blue frame). Scale bar: 100 µm. Yellow/blue boxes are presented with a scale bar of 50 µm. Bo, bone; dr, distal root (black dotted); a, apical foramen, bone surface (grey dotted line)