Fig. 3 | International Journal of Oral Science

Fig. 3

From: Macrophage-derived small extracellular vesicles promote biomimetic mineralized collagen-mediated endogenous bone regeneration

Fig. 3The alternative text for this image may have been generated using AI.

Characterization of extracellular vesicles (EVs) derived from macrophages seeded on mineralized collagen in vitro. a TEM morphology of extracellular vesicles. b Corresponding particle size and distribution analysis of the samples in a. c Semiquantification of extracellular vesicle diameter. d Western blotting of EV surface markers. e (i) AFM phase images of EVs; (ii) Corresponding modulus mapping images of EVs; (iii) Semiquantification of EV height; (iv) Semiquantification of EV modulus. Arrows: EVs; Ctrl: normal macrophage-derived sEVs. *P < 0.05 vs Ctrl, ***P < 0.001 vs Ctrl, #P < 0.05 vs EMC

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