Fig. 1

CNA profiling of FD and OF. a Panoramic radiograph of fibrous dysplasia revealing a typical ground-glass opacity of the left mandible, with indistinct borders that blend imperceptibly with the surrounding uninvolved bone, indicated by the red arrows. Histologically, fibrous dysplasia is characterized by irregular trabeculae of woven bone that are uniformly distributed throughout the lesion and present various shapes (“O”, “C”, and “V”), without rows of osteoblastic rimming. The image on right shows the rectangular area (bottom left) at higher magnification. Magnification: ×12.5, ×200. b Panoramic radiograph of the left posterior mandibular with ossifying fibroma showing a mixed radiolucent and radiopaque lesion with a well-demarcated border, indicated by the red arrows. Histologically, ossifying fibroma presented a variety of calcified structures that featured basophilic circular spherules of osteoids or bone resembling the cementicle. The image on right shows the rectangular area (bottom left) at higher magnification. Magnification: ×12.5, ×200. c CNA profiles of 174 samples from 28 FD patients. Heatmap (upper panel) and aggregation of copy number alterations (lower panel) show the key CNA events on specific chromosomes. For the lower panel, the y axis represents the percentage of samples harboring CNAs. d CNA profiles of 220 samples from 29 OF patients. Heatmap (upper panel) and aggregation of copy number alterations (lower panel) show the key CNA events on specific chromosomes. For the lower panel, the y axis represents the percentage of samples harboring CNAs. e Ratio of patients with or without CNA in FD (left panel) and OF (right panel). f Normalized frequency distribution of CNAscore in normal, FD, and OF samples.