Fig. 4

Nanotubular implants towards craniosynostosis therapy. Schematic representation of titania nanotubes (TNTs) modified Ti implants towards craniosynostosis therapy. Local controlled release of glypicans (GPC) and its influence on bone morphogenetic protein 2 (BMP2) signalling pathway via dual luciferase reporter (DLR) assay. Adapted with permission from ref. 114