Fig. 5

Design, characterization, and functional verification of OINCs. a Pattern diagram of the design and synthesis of OINCs. b Representative transmission electron microscopy image of AuNC and OINC. Scale bar, 50 nm. c Dynamic light scattering measurements indicating hydrodynamic size and zeta potential of AuNCs and OINCs. d Ultra-violet-visible absorption spectra of AuNCs and OINCs under different wavelengths of irradiation. e Release rate curve of OINCs with or without far-red irradiation. f, g Representative photothermal images of OINCs injected into periodontal tissue under 690-nm far-red irradiation, and temperature-time curves of AuNCs and OINCs compared with the normal saline group. h Characteristic protein bands of AuNCs, neutrophil lysates, and OINCs resolved by western blotting. i Binding capacity of different concentrations of OINCs with IL-1β and TNF-α