Table 1 Assessment of accuracy, tooth structure loss, and success rate on RCT or retreatment by different DGT methods ex vivo

1

Buchgreitz J, et al.¹²⁶

48 teeth mounted in acrylic blocks

SGE

<0.7 mm

N/A

N/A

N/A

2

Zehnder MS, et al.¹⁴

60 single rooted teeth in maxillary models

SGE

mesial/distal (base) 0.21

buccal/palatal(base) 0.2

apical/coronal(base) 0.16

mesial/distal (tip) 0.29

buccal/palatal (tip) 0.47

apical/coronal (tip) 0.17

1.81

N/A

100

3

Connert T, et al.³⁴

60 anterior teeth in mandibular models

SGE

mesial/distal (base) 0.12

buccal/oral (base) 0.13

apical/coronal(base) 0.12

mesial/distal (tip) 0.14

buccal/oral (tip) 0.34

apical/coronal (tip) 0.12

1.59

N/A

100

4

Zhang C, et al.¹⁰⁵

40 single-rooted premolars in epoxy model

SGE

mesial/distal (base) 0.28

buccal/lingual (base) 0.25

mesial/distal (tip) 0.30

buccal/lingual (tip) 0.28

3.62

N/A

100

5

Su Y, et al.¹⁰³

36 anterior teeth, 24 premolars, and 24 molars in maxillary and mandible models

SGE

anterior (base) 0.09

premolar (base) 0.07

molar (base) 0.22

anterior (tip) 0.28

premolar (tip) 0.40

molar (tip) 0.64

anterior 1.73

premolar 2.23

molar 4.00

N/A

71.8

6

Connert T, et al.⁹⁹

48 printed incisors with calcified canals

SGE

N/A

N/A

9.8

91.7

FH

49.9*

41.7*

7

Loureiro MAZ, et al.¹²⁷

20 mandibular incisors and upper molars

SGE

N/A

N/A

incisor 26.5

molar 45.7

N/A

FH

incisor 31.7

molar 62.5*

8

Kostunov J, et al.⁹⁸

typodont teeth with 30 canals in acrylic resin model

SGE

N/A

N/A

incisor 10.3

premolar 29.3

molar 51.8

N/A

FH

incisor 16.1*

premolar 44.2*

molar 99.3*

9

Jain SD, et al.¹⁰¹

84 printed teeth with calcified canals in maxillary and mandibular models

DGE (Navident)

anterior (base) 1.0

premolar (base) 1.2

molar (base) 1.0

anterior (tip) 1.3

premolar (tip) 1.1

molar (tip) 1.4

anterior 1.53

premolar 1.38

molar 1.89

N/A

100

10

Torres A, et al.¹²⁸

132 printed teeth with calcified canals in maxillary or mandibular models

DGE (Navident)

anterior 1.77

premolar 1.54

molar 1.37

anterior 2.68

premolar 2.73

molar 3.01

N/A

93

11

Gambarini G, et al.¹⁰⁴

132 artificial teeth in silicon bases

DGE (Navident)

0.34

4.8

N/A

N/A

FH

0.88^

21.2^

12

Dianat O, et al.¹²⁹

60 single-rooted teeth with calcified canals in cadaver jaws

DGE

(X-guide)

mesial/distal 0.12

buccal/lingual 0.19

2.39

N/A

96.6

FH

mesial/distal 0.31^

buccal/lingual 0.81^

7.25^

83.3

13

Jain SD, et al.¹⁰²

40 3D printed teeth with calcified canals in maxillary or mandibular models

DGE (Navident)

N/A

N/A

Maxilla 35.5

Mandible 19.0

90

FH

Maxilla 62.2^

Mandible 19.1

85

14

Connert T, et al.¹⁰⁰

72 typodont teeth on models

DGE (DENACAM)

N/A

N/A

10.5

97.2

FH

29.7^

97.2

15

Zubizarreta-Macho Á, et al.¹³⁰

30 single rooted anterior teeth in epoxy resin models

SGE

base 7.44

tip 7.13

10.04

N/A

N/A

DGE (Navident)

base 3.14

tip 2.48

5.58

FH

base 4.03*^

tip 2.43*^

14.95*^

16

Ali A, et al.⁶⁶

30 mandibular premolars with MTA placement at 3 mm below CEJ

SGE

N/A

N/A

N/A

100%

FH

86.7%*

17

Perez C, et al.⁶³

40 teeth with RCT, fiber posts, and composite build-ups

SGE

mesial/distal (coronal) 0.28

buccal/oral (coronal) 0.23

global (coronal) 0.39

mesial/distal (apical) 0.26

buccal/oral (apical) 0.24

global (apical) 0.40

N/A

N/A

87.5%

FH

18

Janabi A, et al.⁶²

26 maxillary teeth with RCT, fiber posts, and core build-ups

DGE

(X-guide)

global (coronal) 0.91

global (apical) 1.17

1.75

54.63

N/A

FH

global (coronal) 1.13*

global (apical) 1.68*

4.49

38.18