Fig. 1

Outline of strategies for deciphering oral microecology. The oral microbiome encompasses a diverse community of microorganisms residing in the oral cavity, including saliva, teeth, gums, tongue, and other oral surfaces. This intricate ecosystem consists of various species of bacteria, viruses, fungi, and other microbes. Oral microecology is crucial for maintaining both oral and overall systemic health. The strategies for deciphering oral microecology can be categorized into sequencing-based technologies, imaging techniques, and cultureomics