Table 1 Studies of oral microecology-related technology
Year | Samples from | Techniques | Results | Ref. |
|---|---|---|---|---|
2018 | Plaque samples from elderly individuals of 24 caries patients and 22 healthy controls. | Metagenome | A total of 16 phyla, 29 classes, 49 orders, 79 families, 149 genera, and 305 species from all the specimens were identified. Biomarkers associated with caries and health were identified. | |
2021 | Salivary samples from 23 children with caries and 24 children with healthy dentition. | Metagenome | 150 bacterial species, including 42 novel taxa have been identified, which include the Saccharibacteria clades G3 and G6. | |
2019 | Salivary samples from preschoolers, 25 with severe early childhood caries, and 19 age-matched, caries-free children as controls. | Metagenome | 26 264 differentially abundant genes have been identified and clustered into 18 metagenomic species, with 12 enriched in the ECC group and 6 enriched in the healthy control. | |
2018 | Biofilm samples from 10 children with caries and 4 children without caries. | Metatranscriptomes | Gene expression sequences mapped into 164 taxa that comprised 108 named species, 12 phylotypes, 33 bacterial genus-level identifications, and 13 viruses. | |
2018 | Subgingival plaque and gingival crevicular fluid samples from 10 individuals undergoing an experimental gingivitis treatment. | 16S v4-v5 rRNA amplicon and metatranscriptome sequencing | Many virulence-related transcripts were significantly differentially expressed in individual and across pooled patient samples during the early stages of transition to gingivitis. | |
2021 | Subgingival plaque samples of healthy, gingivitis, and periodontitis sites in the same oral cavity were collected from 21 patients. | Metatranscriptomics and network analyses | At the species level, the rc-rRNAs were assigned to 225 bacterial taxa; differences in bacterial compositions and gene expression profiles among the three statuses were elucidated. | |
2016 | Saliva samples were collected from 10 patients with periodontitis, 10 patients with dental caries, and 10 orally healthy individuals. | Liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry proteomic approach | 1 946 bacterial proteins and 2 090 human proteins were identified, and the human protein profiles displayed significant overexpression of the complement system and inflammatory markers in periodontitis and dental caries. | |
2015 | Salivary samples from 168 subjects with 5 categories of periodontal status. | Liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry | 272 microbial species were grouped into 8 distinct microbial communities, and their correlation to periodontal disease status and salivary metabolome composition have been explored. | |
2019 | Supragingival plaque in response to the use of arginine or fluoride toothpaste from 83 adults of different caries status. | Metabolomic analyses were performed using a Thermo Q-Exactive high-resolution mass spectrometer | The metabolic profiles of plaque treated with arginine significantly affected the concentrations of 16 metabolites, while fluoride affected the concentrations of 9 metabolites. | |
2017 | Sub- and supragingival biofilms in adults with chronic periodontitis before and after treatment with 0.25% sodium hypochlorite. | Microbial 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing, shotgun metagenomics, and tandem mass spectrometry | It has been found that markedly higher taxonomic instability in patients who did not improve posttreatment than in patients who did improve while the opposite pattern occurred in the metabolic profiles. | |
2021 | Supragingival plaque samples from 97 study participants with periodontal disease and/or diabetes. | 16S rDNA sequencing, metabolomics, lipidomics, and proteomics analyses | Researchers have identified 2 790 operational taxonomic units and 2 025 microbial and host proteins per sample and quantified 110 metabolites and 415 lipids; and significant connections between host-derived proteins and periodontal disease have also been demonstrated. | |
2019 | Human oral microbiota sample. | Bacterial labeling with antibiotic-based probes | Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria were distinctly stained and showed dramatic phenotypical diversities. | |
2021 | Plaque biofilms collected at 7 timepoints from a healthy donor for 27 months. | High Phylogenetic Resolution microbiome mapping by Fluorescence in situ Hybridization | The technology consists of 233 probes that target 54 bacterial genera and observed corn-cob-like structures of plaque biofilm. | |
2021 | P. gingivalis, A. actinomycetemcomitans, cultivated in human saliva. | Surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy | It is possible to detect and identify P. gingivalis and A. actinomycetemcomitans strains in human saliva. | |
2020 | The peri-implant and sub-gingival plaques of 4 patients. | Culturomics | Out of 48 isolated species, only 30 were previously identified, while 12 species had no prior association with the oral cavity, and 5 of them were never isolated from clinical samples. | |
2019 | Human oral samples from healthy donors or individuals with periodontitis. | Single-cell genomic, Reverse-genomics-enabled cultivation of microorganisms | Three different species-level lineages of human oral Saccharibacteria (TM7). and human oral SR1 bacteria have been isolated and cultivated. | |
2020 | Sub- and supra-gingival samples were pelleted and inoculated into broth cultures of potential bacterial host cells. | Culturomics and 16S rRNA sequencing | Thirty-two isolates representing four species of Saccharibacteria were isolated in stable coculture with three species of host bacteria from the phylum Actinobacteria. |
