Fig. 4

SMAD7 knockdown significantly restrained the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway in hDPSCs, leading to compromised cell proliferation. a Illustration of the experiments in (b, c). b Cell sphere assays showing green fluorescence of hDPSCs at 4, 12, 24, 36, and 72 hours in the control, sh-SMAD7, SKL-2001, sh-SMAD7 + SKL-2001 and SMAD7-OE groups. c Quantification of the relevant fluorescence ratio in (b). Statistical analysis was performed using two-way ANOVA, Tukey’s post hoc test (n = 3). *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, ***P < 0.001