Fig. 6

The odontogenic differentiation activity of DPSCs cultured with bioceramics-containing composite hydrogels. a Expression of dentin-related genes in DPSCs cultured with composite hydrogels for 5 days (n = 3). Representative immunofluorescent images of b DMP-1 and c DSPP proteins in DPSCs after cultured with GelMA and GelMA-5LCS hydrogel for 5 days. (Blue: cell nuclei; Green: cytoskeleton; Red: proteins). d Digital images of alizarin red S staining of DPSCs after 10 days of culture. e Quantitative results of alizarin red S staining (n = 4). *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, ***P < 0.001. GelMA-5LCS composite hydrogels could significantly enhance the odontogenic differentiation of DPSCs