Fig. 5 | International Journal of Oral Science

Fig. 5

From: Gli2 and Gli3 synergistically mediate HH-TGF-β crosstalk in mesenchymal progenitor cells to orchestrate tooth root morphogenesis

Fig. 5The alternative text for this image may have been generated using AI.

Simultaneous deletion of Gli2 and Gli3 downregulates TGF-β signaling activity. a Clustered heatmap of bulk RNA-seq data from control and mutant groups at P5.5. b–d Volcano plots illustrating differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between control and mutant groups. e, f KEGG pathway analysis of downregulated genes showing top enriched signaling pathways in Gli3 mutant and double mutant groups. g Western blot of p-SMAD2, p-SMAD3, and total SMAD2/3 protein levels of tooth germ in control and mutant groups at P5.5. h–o Immunofluorescence staining of p-SMAD3 and p-SMAD2 in the first molar in four groups at P5.5. White boxes represent the apical region of the molar. White dotted lines outline HERS. White arrows indicate positive signals, while yellow arrows denote impaired signals. Scale bars, (h–o), 100 μm

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