Table 3 Substances prioritised for risk assessment and toxicological reference values identified

From: Synthetic turf pitches with rubber granulate infill: are there health risks for people playing sports on such pitches?

Substances

Abbreviation

Cas no.

Toxicological reference value

Ref.

   

Oral (mg/kg bw/d)

Dermal (mg/kg bw/d)

Inhalation (mg/m3)

 

Metals

 Cadmium

 

7440-43-9

2.5 × 10−3 mg/kg bw/wk (TWI)

 

5 × 10−6 (AQGV)

[53, 54]

 Cobalt

 

7440-48-4

1.4 × 10−3 (TDI)

 

0.5 × 10−3 (TCA)

[55]

 Lead

 

7439-92-1

0.05 × 10−3 a

 

0.5 × 10−3 (AQGV)

[56,57,58]

PAHs

 Benzo[a]pyrene

BaP

50-32-8

  

1 × 10−6 b

[59]

 Benzo[a]anthracene

BaA

56-55-3

    

 Chrysene

CHR

218-01-9

    

 Benzo[b]fluoranthene

BbFA

205-99-2

    

 Benzo[k]fluoranthene

BkFA

207-08-9

    

 Dibenzo[a,h]anthracene

DBahA

53-70-3

    

 Benzo[e]pyrene

BeP

192-97-2

    

 Benzo[j]fluoranthene

BjFA

205-82-3

    
 

 = ECHA-8

 

0.49c (BMDL10)

0.74c (BMDL10)

 

[14, 38]

Phthalates

 Bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate

DEHP

117-81-7

0.034 (DNEL)

0.672 (DNEL)

0.12 (child) 0.16 (adult) (DNELs)

[60, 61]

 Diisobutyl phthalate

DIBP

84-69-5

0.0083 (DNEL)

0.08 (DNEL)

0.025 (DNEL)

[60, 62]

 Dibutyl phthalate

DBP

84-74-2

0.0067 (DNEL)

0.07 (DNEL)

0.02 (DNEL)

[60, 63]

 Benzyl butyl phthalate

BBP

85-68-7

0.5 (DNEL)

10 (DNEL)

1.7 (DNEL)

[60, 64]

 Diisononyl phthalate

DINP

28553-12-0

0.25 (DNEL)

6.25 (DNEL)

0.87 (child) 1.16 (adult) (DNELs)

[65]

 Dicyclohexyl phthalate

DCHP

84-61-7

0.18 (DNEL)

1.8 (DNEL)

0.63 (DNEL)

[14]

Other

 2-Mercaptobenzothiazole

2-MBT

149-30-4

0.31 (DNEL)

0.94 (DNEL)

1.09 (DNEL)

[66]

 Bisphenol A

BPA

80-05-7

4 × 10−3 (DNEL)

0.1 × 10−3 d (DNEL)

0.2 (DNEL)

[14, 67]

  1. Substances additionally selected subsequent to the two-step prioritisation approach are given in italics
  2. AQGV  air quality guideline value, BMDL10  95% lower confidence level of the dosage resulting in a 10% additional cancer risk in laboratory animals upon lifelong exposure, DNEL  derived no-effect level, TCA tolerable concentration in air, TDI tolerable daily intake, TWI  tolerable weekly intake
  3. aRelated to developmental neurotoxicity, a non-threshold effect. The reference value is a maximum exposure value
  4. bRelated to non-threshold carcinogenicity. The reference value is for BaP, as marker for a PAH mixture, and relates to an additional cancer risk of 1 × 10−4
  5. cRelated to non-threshold carcinogenicity of a PAH mixture. The reference value is for the sum of the eight PAHs specified (the so-called ECHA-8, i.e., the eight PAHs in REACH Annex XVII, entry 50). The reference values relate to additional cancer risks of 1.43 × 10−3 and 9.46 × 10−4 per µg/kg bw/d for the oral and dermal route, respectively
  6. dInternal value (adjusted for absorption)
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