Table 3 Multilevel mixed-effects linear regression modeling of urinary PAH-OH fold changes post-fire based on survey responses.
From: Evaluation of fireground exposures using urinary PAH metabolites
Sum of PAH-OHsa | Sum of naphthols | Sum of phenanthrols | Sum of fluorenols | 1-Hydroxypyrene | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Variable | n (total) | FC (95% CI) | FC (95% CI) | FC (95% CI) | FC (95% CI) | FC (95% CI) |
Fire and response type | ||||||
Commercial fire (Ref: Residential) | 19 (180) | 0.646 (0.421, 0.992)* | 0.569 (0.356, 0.909)* | 0.836 (0.513, 1.363) | 0.949 (0.568, 1.584) | 1.142 (0.645, 2.020) |
Interior response (Ref: Exterior response) | 71 (178) | 1.469 (1.068, 2.021)* | 1.509 (1.058, 2.153)* | 1.481 (1.053, 2.083)* | 1.631 (1.156, 2.302)† | 1.216 (0.820, 1.802) |
Duration (minutes) | ||||||
Total duration of fire response | 180 (180) | 1.002 (0.999, 1.006) | 1.002 (0.999, 1.006) | 1.003 (0.999, 1.006) | 0.999 (0.995, 1.003) | 1.001 (0.997, 1.006) |
Interior response | 105 (105) | 1.010 (1.002, 1.019)* | 1.011 (1.002, 1.020)* | 1.014 (1.006, 1.023)† | 1.010 (1.001, 1.019)* | 1.005 (0.994, 1.017) |
Fire attack | 88 (88) | 1.004 (0.995, 1.014) | 1.004 (0.994, 1.015) | 1.011 (1.000, 1.022)* | 1.010 (0.999, 1.020) | 1.007 (0.995, 1.019) |
Overhaul/Salvage | 56 (56) | 0.999 (0.992, 1.006) | 0.999 (0.991, 1.006) | 1.000 (0.994, 1.006) | 0.998 (0.992, 1.004) | 1.008 (1.001, 1.015)* |
Percent time on air | ||||||
Fire attack 61–100% (Ref: 0–60%) | 81 (88) | 0.527 (0.217, 1.280) | 0.393 (0.151, 1.020) | 1.122 (0.433, 2.907) | 1.030 (0.400, 2.656) | 0.851 (0.329, 2.203) |
Overhaul/Salvage 61–100% (Ref: 0–60%) | 48 (56) | 0.949 (0.400, 2.253) | 1.004 (0.375, 2.684) | 1.001 (0.481, 2.082) | 1.094 (0.493, 2.430) | 0.821 (0.336, 2.004) |
Ventilation 61–100% (Ref: 0–60%) | 21 (23) | 0.668 (0.254, 1.756) | 0.730 (0.266, 2.002) | 0.250 (0.052, 1.202) | 1.163 (0.352, 3.839) | 1.561 (0.193, 12.64) |
Rehab 61–100% (Ref: 0–60%) | 3 (25) | 1.792 (0.695, 4.620) | 1.709 (0.572, 5.105) | 1.454 (0.361, 5.859) | 0.865 (0.269, 2.779) | 0.766 (0.141, 4.166) |
Odor, soot, and gear status | ||||||
Smoke odor on skin (Ref: No) | 43 (180) | 1.461 (1.032, 2.066)* | 1.442 (0.980, 2.123) | 1.299 (0.885, 1.906) | 1.060 (0.712, 1.577) | 1.026 (0.659, 1.597) |
Black mucus in nose, mouth or throat (Ref: No) | 20 (46) | 1.010 (0.471, 2.168) | 0.982 (0.433, 2.228) | 1.420 (0.920, 2.192) | 1.135 (0.501, 2.568) | 0.614 (0.290, 1.298) |
Washed with water or wipe on scene (Ref: No) | 30 (46) | 2.095 (1.021, 4.299)* | 2.226 (0.998, 4.963) | 2.073 (1.883, 2.283)† | 2.227 (0.965, 5.141) | 0.639 (0.288, 1.419) |
Turnout gear dirty (soot) before response (Ref: No) | 83 (180) | 1.013 (0.732, 1.403) | 1.073 (0.748, 1.542) | 0.781 (0.554, 1.100) | 0.948 (0.667, 1.348) | 1.025 (0.693, 1.516) |
Hood dirty (soot) before response (Ref: No) | 27 (171) | 1.437 (0.903, 2.285) | 1.357 (0.808, 2.279) | 1.416 (0.870, 2.306) | 1.688 (1.040, 2.738)* | 1.546 (0.892, 2.677) |
Laundered turnout gear >1 month (Ref: <1 mo) | 117 (180) | 1.172 (0.863, 1.592) | 1.238 (0.882, 1.738) | 0.966 (0.690, 1.352) | 0.977 (0.690, 1.384) | 0.771 (0.525, 1.131) |
Laundered/changed hood >1 month (Ref: <1 mo) | 92 (180) | 1.468 (1.108, 1.945)† | 1.581 (1.160, 2.155)† | 1.234 (0.898, 1.697) | 1.067 (0.767, 1.486) | 0.774 (0.536, 1.119) |
