Table 3 Summary of mixed effects models examining risk/protective factors associated with median % HRmax.

From: Heat stress and heat strain among outdoor workers in El Salvador and Nicaragua

 

Crude Models

Adjusted Model 1a

Adjusted Model 2b

B (95% CI)

p-val

B (95% CI)

p-val

B (95% CI)

p-val

Water Consumption Rate (per 0.6 L/h)

1.6 (1.1, 2.0)

<.0001

1.2 (0.65, 1.7)

<.0001

0.46 (-0.04, 0.97)

0.07

a – Adjusted for industry/company, job task, shift duration, and consumption of other beverages

b – Additionally adjusted for median WBGT, mean metabolic rate, and percent shift VM < 150 cpm

Total Electrolyte Solution Consumption

(per 1 L)

1.6 (0.67, 2.6)

0.001

1.4 (0.42, 2.5)

0.007

1.2 (0.34, 2.1)

0.009

a – Adjusted for industry/company, job task, shift duration, and consumption of other beverages

b – Additionally adjusted for median WBGT, mean metabolic rate, and percent shift VM < 150 cpm

Percent Shift Vector Magnitude < 150 cpm

(per 10% increase)

-3.2 (-3.7, -2.7)

<0.0001

-2.8 (-3.4, -2.2)

<0.0001

-1.5 (-2.1, -0.85)

<0.0001

a – Adjusted for industry/company, job task, and shift duration

b – Additionally adjusted for total liquid consumption, median WBGT, and mean metabolic rate

eGFR < 60 ml/min/1.73 m2

(vs > 90)

2.2 (-0.42, 4.9)

0.10

1.7 (-0.40, 3.9)

0.11

 

eGFR 60–90 ml/min/1.73 m2

(vs > 90)

4.2 (1.5, 6.8)

0.002

2.9 (0.87, 5.0)

0.005

a – Adjusted for industry/company, job task, age, and mean metabolic rate.

  1. Parameter estimates are reported as absolute increase/decrease in HRmax percentage points, not relative change in percentage of HRmax.
  2. WBGT wet bulb globe temperature, VM vector magnitude, cpm counts per minute, L/h liters per hour.