Table 1 Sex-related aspects and recommendations in hypertension guidelines.
Statements/recommendations | WHO 2021 [9] | ISH 2020 [10] | ESC/ESH 2018 [2] | ACC/AHA 2017 [3] | Latin American 2016 [11] | NICE 2019 [https://www.nice.org.uk/guideance/ng136] | Australian 2016 [29] | Japanese 2019 [34] | Chinese 2018 [33] | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Impact as modifier of baseline cardiovascular risk is lower in women | √ | √ | √ | √ | NR | NR | √ | √ | NR | √ |
Family history of premature CVD based on age-sex criteria | NR | No | √ | No | NR | NR | √ | √ | √ | √ |
Lifetime differences in hypertension prevalence between men and women | NR | NR | √ | √ | NR | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ |
Blood pressure trajectories in men and women during lifespan | NR | NR | √ | NR | NR | NR | √ | √ | NR | √ |
Fibromuscular dysplasia more frequent in women | NR | √ | √ | √ | √ | NR | √ | √ | NR | √ |
Masked vs white-coat hypertension less frequent in women | NR | NR | √ | √ | NR | NR | NR | NR | NR | √ |
Drug-induced men sexual dysfunction issues | NR | NR | √ | √ | NR | NR | √ | √ | NR | √ |
Drug-induced women sexual dysfunction | NR | NR | √ | NR | NR | NR | NR | NR | NR | NR |
Sex-related side effects other than sexual dysfunction | NR | NR | NR | √ | NR | NR | NR | √ | NR | NR |
Different upper limit of alcohol consumption in men and women | NR | √ | √ | √ | NR | √ | No | √ | √ | √ |
Beta-blockers as a treatment option in young women | NR | √ | √ | NR | NR | NR | NR | NR | NR | NR |
Sex-related thresholds and targets of BP-lowering treatment | √ | NR | √ | √ | NR | NR | NR | √ | NR | √ |
Hormone replacement therapy | NR | NR | √ | √ | NR | NR | √ | √ | NR | √ |
Oral contraceptives | NR | NR | √ | √ | NR | NR | √ | √ | NR | √ |
Gender issues | NR | NR | NR | NR | NR | NR | NR | NR | NR | NR |
