Table 2 Multivariable-adjusted clinical correlates of linear and late rise in SBP in multinomial logistic regression by sex.

From: The shape of the systolic blood pressure response during graded exercise: methodology, correlates and predictive value

Covariable

Linear SBP rise

Late SBP rise

Odds ratio (95% CI)

P value

Odds ratio (95% CI)

P value

Men

    

 Age, per +10 years

1.09 (1.02 to 1.16)

0.0082

1.29 (1.20 to 1.40)

<0.0001

 Heart rate at rest, +10 bpm

0.93 (0.87 to 0.98)

0.013

0.82 (0.76 to 0.88)

<0.0001

 Body mass index, per +5 kg/m²

1.13 (1.01 to 1.28)

0.038

1.35 (1.17 to 1.55)

<0.0001

 Diabetes mellitus

1.11 (0.74 to 1.66)

0.59

1.54 (1.00 to 2.36)

0.049

 Cardiac disease

1.36 (0.99 to 1.87)

0.057

1.46 (1.04 to 2.07)

0.031

 Beta blockers

1.42 (1.05 to 1.91)

0.023

2.06 (1.49 to 2.85)

<0.0001

 Lipid-lowering drugs

0.67 (0.49 to 0.90)

0.0087

0.59 (0.42 to 0.83)

0.0022

 Percentage predicted workload, per +10%

0.83 (0.78 to 0.88)

<0.0001

0.72 (0.67 t 0.77)

<0.0001

Women

    

 Heart rate at rest, +10 bpm

0.93 (0.86 to 1.01)

0.062

0.77 (0.71 to 0.84)

<0.0001

 BMI, per +5 kg/m²

1.06 (0.94 to 1.20)

0.90

1.17 (1.03 to 1.34)

0.017

 Beta blockers

1.13 (0.82 to 1.56)

0.47

1.72 (1.24 t 2.38)

0.0011

 Percentage predicted workload, per +10%

0.89 (0.83 to 0.96)

0.0021

0.80 (0.74 to 0.87)

<0.0001

  1. Odds ratios represent the multivariable-adjusted risk for the SBP response shape relative to the risk of presenting an early rise in SBP during graded exercise. Covariables significant for either a linear or a late rise in SBP are shown. Covariables considered as predictors included age, BMI, resting heart rate, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, renal failure, COPD, cardiac disease, the use of antihypertensive medication, beta blockers, lipid-lowering drugs, and anticoagulant drugs, and the percentage predicted workload (reflecting exercise capacity).
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