Table 2 Incident rates and hazard ratios of incident apparent treatment resistant hypertension for JHS participants with hypertension enrolled in 2000–2004, by quartiles of urinary sodium.

From: The association of urinary sodium with incident apparent treatment resistant hypertension among African Americans: findings from the Jackson Heart Study

Incident aTRH

Quartiles of urinary sodium

P Value for Trenda

Quartile 1 (253 to 2530 mg) N = 113

Quartile 2 (2553 to 3657 mg) N = 113

Quartile 3 (3680 to 4692 mg) N = 113

Quartile 4 (4715 to 9775 mg) N = 113

Cases, n (%)

29 (25.7%)

28 (24.8%)

33 (29.2%)

33 (29.2%)

0.166

Event Summary,

     

 At Visit 2 (cases/no. at risk)

17/96

16/100

25/97

19/102

 

 At Visit 3 (cases/no. at risk)

12/64

12/75

8/64

14/73

 

HR (95% CI)

     

 Model 1ǂ

1.00 (reference)

0.88 (0.52, 1.51)

1.14 (0.67, 1.94)

1.04 (0.61, 1.80)

 

 Model 2§

1.00 (reference)

0.66 (0.32, 1.35)

0.95 (0.50, 1.82)

0.87 (0.44, 1.70)

 

 Model 3ǁ

1.00 (reference)

0.71 (0.34, 1.46)

1.02 (0.50,2.06)

0.95 (0.46, 2.00)

 
  1. n (%) represents count (percentage).
  2. Standard errors were estimated using.
  3. ǂ Includes adjustment for age and sex.
  4. § Includes variables in model 1 and additional adjustment for smoking status, alcohol consumption, physical activity, BMI, diabetes, history of coronary heart disease, history of stroke, heart failure, chronic kidney disease, estimated glomerular filtration rate, low- and high-density lipoproteins, urinary albumin-to-creatinine ratio, medication adherence, and an indicator for each of six broad classes of antihypertensive medication used (ACEI, ARB, beta-blockers, calcium channel blockers, diuretics, and others).
  5. ǁ Includes variables in models 1 and 2 and additional adjustment for income, education, and insurance status.
  6. HR, Hazard ratio; CI, confidence interval.
  7. aThe p-value for trend refers to the statistical test for trend across the quartiles of urinary sodium excretion.
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