Table 1 Sample characteristics of very low birth weight infants in California NICUs, California Perinatal Quality Care Collaborative 2008–2011.
From: Multilevel social factors and NICU quality of care in California
Infant and maternal characteristics | N (15,901) or mean | % or SD |
|---|---|---|
Infant factors | ||
Birth weight in grams (mean, SD) | 1070.62 | 284.4 |
Gestational age (mean, SD) | 28.23 | 2.9 |
5 min Apgar Score (mean, SD) | 7.53 | 1.8 |
Small for gestational agea | ||
No | 11,584 | 72.9% |
Yes | 4314 | 27.1% |
Outborn status | ||
No | 12,326 | 77.5% |
Yes | 3575 | 22.5% |
Sexa | ||
Female | 7630 | 48.0% |
Male | 8270 | 52.0% |
Singleton | ||
No | 4341 | 27.3% |
Yes | 11,560 | 72.7% |
NICU level Baby-MONITOR components | ||
Any antenatal corticosteroid administration (N = 11,443) | 9871 | 86.3% |
Moderate hypothermia (<36 °C) on admission (N = 15,695) | 2348 | 15.0% |
Nonsurgically-induced pneumothorax (N = 15,894) | 591 | 3.7% |
Health care-associated bacterial or fungal infection (N = 15,335) | 1976 | 12.9% |
Chronic lung disease (N = 13,593) | 2925 | 21.5% |
Timely eye exam (N = 10,604) | 9940 | 93.7% |
Discharge on any human breast milk (N = 13,776) | 8855 | 64.3% |
Mortality during the birth hospitalization (N = 15,638) | 1068 | 6.8% |
High growth velocity (N = 12,831) | 6667 | 53.8% |
Maternal factors | ||
Race/ethnicity | ||
NH White | 4115 | 25.9% |
NH Black | 2162 | 13.6% |
Hispanic | 7594 | 47.8% |
Asian/Pacific Islander | 1630 | 10.3% |
Other | 400 | 2.5% |
Maternal agea | ||
≤20 | 2204 | 13.9% |
21–34 | 10,018 | 63.0% |
35+ | 3664 | 23.0% |
Nativitya | ||
Foreign born | 5977 | 37.6% |
US born | 9900 | 62.3% |
Education | ||
<High school | 3787 | 23.8% |
High school graduate | 4160 | 26.2% |
Some college and associate degree | 3856 | 24.3% |
Bachelor’s degree and above | 3290 | 20.7% |
Unknown | 808 | 5.1% |
Expected principal source of payment for deliverya | ||
Medi-Cal | 7803 | 49.1% |
Private insurance company | 6994 | 44.0% |
Other government programs | 323 | 2.0% |
Self pay | 423 | 2.7% |
Other | 297 | 1.9% |
Prenatal carea | ||
No | 516 | 3.3% |
Yes | 15,282 | 96.1% |
Cesarean deliverya | ||
No | 4042 | 25.4% |
Yes | 11,858 | 74.6% |
Cigarette use during pregnancy | ||
No | 15,097 | 94.9% |
Yes | 510 | 3.2% |
Unknown | 294 | 1.9% |
Paritya | ||
1 | 6663 | 41.90% |
2 | 4295 | 27.01% |
3+ | 4918 | 30.93% |
