Table 5 Mediation analysis for neonatal outcomes.

From: What drives outcomes in infants of mothers with congenital heart disease? A mediation analysis

 

Prematuritya

CCHD in offspringa

MBD or chromosomal anomalya

Direct effect of maternal CHDa

1-year mortality

28.6 (16.3–63.6)

28.1 (12.4–70.2)

9.9 (3.6–25.8)

33.3 (−33.7–61.3)

Major neonatal morbidityb

40.1 (28.3–63.7)

4.2 (0.0–10.9)

8.6 (4.4–16.2)

47.1 (20.5–62.9)

PPHN

10.2 (4.6–29.5)

37.1 (17.6–87.7)

6.9 (2.4–25.1)

45.8 (−28.7–69.5)

Need for NIPPV or IPPV during birth hospitalization

28.6 (21.7–36.7)

13.3 (9.1–19.6)

4.4 (2.6–7.5)

53.7 (42.2–62.1)

Long birth hospitalizationc

30.6 (24.3–37.6)

6.6 (4.5–10.1)

3.4 (1.7–5.3)

59.4 (52.1–67.3)

Hospital readmission during first year of life

10.1 (5.8–19.3)

27.7 (16.9–45.8)

19.8 (11.1–36.5)

42.3 (2.5–60.1)

  1. CCHD critical congenital heart disease, MBD multiple birth defects, CHD congenital heart disease, PPHN persistent pulmonary hypertension of the newborn, NIPPV noninvasive positive pressure ventilation, IPPV invasive positive pressure ventilation.
  2. aProportion of total effect mediated (95% CI).
  3. bDefined as one of the following: bronchopulmonary dysplasia, severe retinopathy of prematurity requiring intervention, intraventricular hemorrhage > grade 2, necrotizing enterocolitis.
  4. cFor vaginal delivery length of stay >2 days, for c-section length of stay >4 days.
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